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The Lost Chord
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Wikipedia article
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"'The Lost Chord'" is a song composed by Arthur Sullivan in 1877 at the bedside of his brother Fred during Fred's last illness. The manuscript is dated 13 January 1877; Fred Sullivan died five days later. The lyric was written as a poem by Adelaide Anne Procter called "A Lost Chord", published in 1858 in 'The English Woman's Journal'.
The song was immediately successfulJacobs, p. 2 and became particularly associated with American contralto Antoinette Sterling, with Sullivan's close friend and mistress, Fanny Ronalds, and with British contralto Clara Butt. Sullivan was proud of the song and later noted: "I have composed much music since then, but have never written a second Lost Chord."[https://gsarchive.net/sullivan/songs/lost_chord/chord.html "The Lost Chord"], 'The Gilbert and Sullivan Archive', accessed 13 August 2014
Many singers have recorded the song, including Enrico Caruso, who sang it at the Metropolitan Opera House on 29 April 1912 at a benefit concert for families of victims of the 'Titanic' disaster.[http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/lost_chord_caruso.html 1912 Caruso recording], Encyclopedia-titanica.org, 2005, accessed 28 August 2014 The piece has endured as one of Sullivan's best-known songs, and the setting is still performed today.[http://www.classicalarchives.com/work/197215.html#about "The Lost Chord, song for voice & piano"], All Music Guide, ClassicalArchives.net, 2008
Background
In 1877, Arthur Sullivan was already Britain's foremost composer, having produced such critically praised pieces as his 'Irish Symphony', his 'Overture di Ballo', many hymns and songs, such as "Onward, Christian Soldiers", and the popular short operas 'Cox and Box' and 'Trial by Jury'. Adelaide Anne Procter was an extremely popular poet in Britain, second in fame only to Alfred Lord Tennyson. On the early published sheet music for the song, Procter's name is written in larger letters than Sullivan's.Buckley, Jack. [http://www.musicweb-international.com/sandh/2009/Jul-Dec09/sullivan_chord.htm "In Search of The Lost Chord"]. MusicWeb International, accessed 22 June 2014 Sullivan's father's death had inspired him to write his 'Overture In C (In Memoriam)' over a dozen years earlier."Norwich Music Festival", 'The Observer', 4 November 1866, p. 6
The composer's brother, Fred Sullivan, was an actor who appeared mostly in operettas and comic operas. The playwright F. C. Burnand wrote of Fred: "As he was the most absurd person, so was he the very kindliest. The brothers were devoted to each other, but Arthur went up, and poor little Fred went under."'Quoted', in Ayer, p. 408 Fred played roles in several of his brother's operas: 'Cox and Box', 'Thespis', 'The Contrabandista' and 'Trial by Jury'. He fell ill in 1876 and died in January 1877.Stone, David. [https://www.gsarchive.net/whowaswho/S/SullivanFrederic.htm Fred Sullivan] , Who Was Who in the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, 21 July 2009, accessed 21 October 2015
During Fred's final illness, Arthur visited his brother frequently at his home on King's Road in Fulham, London. The composer had tried to set Procter's poem to music five years previously but had not been satisfied by the effort.Scott, Derek B. [http://www.victorianweb.org/mt/parlorsongs/scott1.html "The Musical Soire: Rational Amusement in the Home"], 'The Victorian Web', 2004, accessed 30 September 2009 As he had been inspired by his grief at the death of their father, he was again inspired to compose by his brother's decline. At Fred's bedside, he sketched out the music to 'The Lost Chord', and the manuscript is dated 13 January 1877, five days before Fred's death.
Although not written for sale, the song became the biggest commercial success of any British or American song of the 1870s and 1880s. The American contralto Antoinette Sterling premiered the piece on 31 January 1877 at a Boosey concert,"London Ballad Concerts", 'The Graphic', 3 February 1877, issue 375 and she became one of its leading proponents, as did Sullivan's close friend and sometime mistress, Fanny Ronalds, who often sang it at society functions.Ainger, pp. 12829. Dame Clara Butt recorded the song several times, and many famous singers recorded it, including Enrico Caruso in 1912. A copy of the music was buried with Ronalds, who bequeathed the manuscript to Butt in 1914. Butt's husband, baritone Kennerley Rumford, gave the manuscript to the Worshipful Company of Musicians in 1950.Mackie, David. 'Arthur Sullivan and The Royal Society of Musicians', The Royal Society of Musicians of Great Britain, 2006, p. 143
Musicologist Derek B. Scott offers this analysis of the composition:
1888 recording for Edison
In 1888, Thomas Edison sent his "Perfected" Phonograph to Mr. George Gouraud in London, England, and on 14 August 1888, Gouraud introduced the phonograph to London in a press conference, including the playing of a piano and cornet recording of Sullivan's "The Lost Chord", one of the first recordings of music ever made.[https://gsarchive.net/sullivan/html/historic.html Historic Sullivan Recordings], 'The Gilbert and Sullivan Archive', accessed 13 August 2014
A series of parties followed, introducing the phonograph to members of society at the so-called "Little Menlo" in London. Sullivan was invited to one of these on 5 October 1888. After dinner, he recorded a speech to be sent to Thomas Edison, saying, in part:
These recordings were discovered in the Edison Library in New Jersey in the 1950s.
Text
's manuscript
Seated one day at the organ,
I was weary and ill at ease,
And my fingers wandered idly
Over the noisy keys.
I know not what I was playing,
Or what I was dreaming then;
But I struck one chord of music,
Like the sound of a great Amen.
It flooded the crimson twilight,
Like the close of an angel's psalm,
And it lay on my fevered spirit
With a touch of infinite calm.
It quieted pain and sorrow,
Like love overcoming strife;
It seemed the harmonious echo
From our discordant life.
It linked all perplexd meanings
Into one perfect peace,
And trembled away into silence
As if it were loth to cease.
I have sought, but I seek it vainly,
That one lost chord divine,
Which came from the soul of the organ,
And entered into mine.
It may be that death's bright angel
Will speak in that chord again,
It may be that only in Heav'n
I shall hear that grand Amen.
Cultural influence
In film and television
There have been at least six films titled 'The Lost Chord', as well as one titled 'The Trail of the Lost Chord'.[https://www.imdb.com The Internet Movie Database listing of films called 'The Lost Chord'] In the 1999 film 'Topsy-Turvy', a scene depicts Fanny Ronalds (played by Eleanor David) facetiously introducing it as "a new composition" at an 1884 party at her house; she then sings it with Sullivan (Allan Corduner) at the piano and Walter Simmonds (Matthew Mills) at the harmonium.The 'Strangers' TV series had an episode called "The Lost Chord."[http://www.tv.com/shows/strangers/the-lost-chord-222789/ Information about the TV episode called "The Lost Chord"]
Music
Jimmy Durante recorded a humorous song called "I'm the Guy Who Found the Lost Chord", which he also sings in the 1947 film 'This Time for Keeps'.Durante, Jimmy. [https://www.nme.com/nme-video/youtube/id/IqKE_fF0k18 "I'm the Guy Who Found the Lost Chord"], NME magazine, IPC Media Entertainment Network, retrieved 31 December 2012 George and Ira Gershwin wrote a song called "That Lost Barber Shop Chord", which was included in their 1926 revue 'Americana'.Jablonski, Edward. [https://books.google.com/books?id=wCPPPHM44sIC&pg=PA379 "'Gershwin: With a New Critical Discography'"], Da Capo Press, 1988 The Moody Blues produced an album called 'In Search of the Lost Chord' in 1968. According to keyboardist Mike Pinder, the title was inspired by the Durante song.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4aCbxoiJBAY Moody Blues documentary, 2013]Literature and other
The novel 'Bad Wisdom' by Bill Drummond and Mark Manning concerns their trip to the North Pole with an icon of Elvis to search for the Lost Chord. Edith Wharton's novel 'Ethan Frome' contains references to the song. In Isaac Asimov's Black Widowers story "The Quiet Place" ('Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine', March 1988), the traditional "Guest" of the Black Widowers hums this tune all through a dinner. Caryl Brahms wrote a 1975 book called 'Gilbert and Sullivan: Lost Chords and Discords'.Brahms, Caryl. 'Gilbert and Sullivan: Lost Chords and Discords', Boston: Little, Brown and Company (1975)
Notes
References
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* Introduction by Martyn Green.
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050216012325/http://www.wolaver.org/Music/lostchord.htm Information about Procter and the song]
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