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How to Start a Revolution
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Wikipedia article
'How to Start a Revolution' is a BAFTA Scotland Award-winning British documentary film about Nobel Peace Prize nominee and political theorist Gene Sharp, described as the world's foremost scholar on nonviolent revolution. The 2011 film describes Sharp's ideas and their influence on popular uprisings around the world. Screened in cinemas and television in more than 22 countries it became popular among the Occupy Wall Street Movement. A book of the documentary, 'Gene Sharp: How to Start a Revolution', was released in October 2020.
Synopsis
Directed by British journalist Ruaridh Arrow, the film follows the use of Gene Sharp's work across revolutionary groups throughout the world. There is particular focus on Sharp's key text 'From Dictatorship to Democracy'Gene Sharp (2010), [http://www.aeinstein.org/organizations/org/FDTD.pdf 'From Dictatorship to Democracy' (full text online)] (4th ed.). East Boston, NA: Albert Einstein Institution. , , which has been translated by democracy activists into more than 30 languages and used in revolutions from Serbia and Ukraine to Egypt and Syria. The film describes how Sharp's 198 methods of nonviolent action have inspired and informed uprisings across the globe.
Cast
A primary character of the film is Gene Sharp, founder of the Albert Einstein Institution; and a 2009 and 2012 nominee for the Nobel Peace Prize.Oslo Newsroom (27 February 2012). [http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2012/02/27/former-president-bill-clinton-among-nobel-prize-nominees/ "Former President Bill Clinton among Nobel Prize nominees"]. Reuters. The story states: "Kristian Berg Harpviken, director of the Peace Research Institute of Oslo and one of the individuals eligible to nominate candidates, has released a short list of those names he had submitted. It is headed by Gene Sharp, a U.S. writer and philosopher who has long advocated non-violent action for social justice" (accessed 5 March 2012). (accessed 2 May 2012) Sharp has been a scholar on nonviolent action for more than 50 years, and has been called both the "Machiavelli of nonviolence" and the "Clausewitz of nonviolent warfare."
Other main characters include Jamila Raqib, a former refugee who fled Afghanistan and the Executive Director of the Albert Einstein Institution; (accessed 2 May 2012) Colonel Robert "Bob" Helvey; Sra Popovi, leader of the Otpor! students group Serbia; Ahmed Maher, leader of April 6 democracy group Egypt; and Ausama Monajed, a Syrian activist.
Background and production
Scottish journalist Ruaridh Arrow, who wrote, directed and co-produced the film, explained that he first learned about Gene Sharp's work as a student, and then heard that Sharp's booklets were turning up on the sites of many revolutions, while Sharp himself remained largely unknown. In explaining his motivation to make the film, Arrow stated:
The film was privately funded by Ruaridh Arrow and additional funding was raised through the US crowdfunding site Kickstarter. The Kickstarter campaign raised $57,342 in just under four weeksPage at Kickstarter for [http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/172444007/how-to-start-a-revolution-a-new-documentary-film How to Start a Revolution] making it the most successful British crowdfunded film currently completed. Several high-profile figures are credited by the producers with supporting the crowdfunding project, including director Richard Linklater and actress Miriam Margolyes.Film website, [http://howtostartarevolutionfilm.com/index.php/credits/thankyou "Special Thanks"] (from howtostartarevolutionfilm.com) (accessed 2 May 2012)) Completion funding was donated by US art collector James Otis who in 2009 sold a large collection of Gandhi possessions, including Gandhi's iconic glasses and sandals. Otis stated that he was selling the items to help fund nonviolent struggle projects and is described as the Executive Producer of the film.Benjamin Sarlin (1 May 2009). [http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2009/03/01/ghandis-few-possessions-go-up-for-auction-in-new-york.html "Gandhi's (Few) Possessions Go Up For Auction in New York"] (accessed 2 May 2012)
Principal photography began in May 2009 with Director of Photography Philip Bloom in Boston.[http://howtostartarevolutionfilm.com/index.php/credits/production-team Production Team] (from film website howtostartarevolutionfilm.com) (accessed 2 May 2012) Interview sequences were shot on Sony EX1 cameras with a Letus 35mm lens adapter and the Canon 5dmk2 DSLR camera.Philip Bloom website (2011). [http://philipbloom.net/blog/revoultion/ Material about filming Gene Sharp from Blog from 29 May 2009] (accessed 2 May 2012) Arrow travelled to Egypt to film the Egyptian revolution in February 2011 but his camera equipment was seized by Egyptian secret police on landing and key sequences had to be filmed on an iphone4. Arrow reported live from Tahrir Square for BBC News during this period.
Release and accolades
The premiere was held in Boston on 18 September 2011, the day after the Occupy Wall St protests officially began in New York. The film received a standing ovation and won Best Documentary and the Mass Impact awards at the Boston Film Festival; (accessed 2 May 2012) and went on to be screened at Occupy camps across the US and Europe, including at the Bank of Ideas in London.Occupy Boston website (9 November 2011) [http://www.occupyboston.org/2011/11/09/how-start-revolution-film-screening-occupy-boston-tonight-7pm/ "How To Start a Revolution Film Screening at Occupy Boston tonight, 7pm"] (accessed 2 May 2012)The Occupied Times of London. [http://theoccupiedtimes.co.uk/?p=2289 Sun Street Eviction: No Rescue Package for Bank of Ideas] (accessed 2 May 2012)
The European premiere was held at Raindance Film Festival in London where the film received the award for Best Documentary.OneWorld. [http://uk.oneworld.net/article/view/167176/1/ "Revolution at Raindance: Raindance Announces Festival Line Up - The World through a Different Lens"] (accessed 2 May 2012)[http://www.raindance.co.uk/site/nominations-raindance-film-festival-2011 Festival Awards (19th Raindance Festival, October 2011)] Subsequent awards have included Best Documentary Fort Lauderdale International Film Festival 2011, Special Jury Award One World Film Festival Ottawa, Jury Award Bellingham Human Rights Film Festival and Best Film, Barcelona Human Rights Film Festival. In Apri 2012, BAFTA Scotland announced that Arrow and the film had won its New Talent Award in the Factual (longer than 30 minutes) category;British Academy of Film and Television Arts, Scotland (12 March 2012). [http://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/new-talent-awards-nominations-in-2012,3168,BA.html "New Talent Awards Winners in 2012"] (accessed 30 April 2012). and the film was shortlisted for a Grierson Award in July 2012.
'How to Start a Revolution' was picked up for distribution by TVF InternationalMichael Rosser (11 August 2011) [http://tvfinternational.com/tvf-to-bring-doc-on-non-violent-revolt-to-mipcom/ TVF to bring doc on non-violent revolt to Mipcom] (accessed 2 May 2012) in the UK and 7th Art Releasing in the US.[http://www.7thart.com/films/How-To-Start-A-Revolution "How to Start a Revolution" (page at Seventh Art Releasing)] (accessed 2 May 2012) The film has reportedly been translated into nine languages, including Japanese and Russian. The Albert Einstein Institute has reported that the film has been shown internationally on several television stations.Raqib and Sharp (15 December 2011) [http://www.aeinstein.org/AEI_APPEAL_LETTER_2012.pdf Letter addressed to "Dear Friends"] (posted on website of Albert Einstein Institution). The letter reported that the film 'How to Start a Revolution' has been shown "on network television channels in Australia, Israel, and here in the United States on Current Television." (p. 6). (accessed 10 May 2012)
Reception
The film has received a positive critical reception. It received four stars in 'Time Out London', "a reminder of the importance of intellectual thought to the everyday".Emmajo Read (no date), [http://admin.timeout.com/film/reviews/91285/how-to-start-a-revolution.html Review of "How to Start a Revolution"] , 'Time Out London' (accessed 2 May 2012) 'The Huffington Post' said it was a "vital conversation starter and educational tool in a world awash with violence" and in the UK 'The Daily Telegraph' described it as a "World conquering Documentary". 'The New York Times' called it a "noble documentary" but criticised the absence of historical context of nonviolent struggles pre-dating Sharp. 'Variety' described the film as "straightforward", "informative", and "with potential to be updated as world events unfold", stating it "should have a long shelf life". Negative references have been made to the use of dramatic music during certain sequences.
Influence
'How to Start a Revolution' was released on 18 September 2011, the day after the first Occupy protests in Wall St, New York. The film was described as the unofficial film of the Occupy movement and shown in camps across the US and Europe. It was one of a number of high-profile events held in London's Bank of Ideas along with a concert by British band Radiohead.
In 2012, following the Mexican general election one of the country's largest newspapers reported that protestors were circulating a pirated Spanish translation of 'How to Start a Revolution' which had gone viral in the country. The translation was viewed over half a million times in the space of three days. Reports have also been published citing the airing of the film on Spanish television concurrent with widespread discussion of Sharp's work in the Spanish anti-austerity 15-M Movement.[http://wagingnonviolence.org/feature/the-spanish-15-m-movement-deepens-its-civil-disobedience-with-a-dash-of-gene-sharp/ Spanish movement]
The academic premiere was hosted by the Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School on 11 October 2011, and In February 2012, 'How to Start a Revolution' was screened to an audience of MPs and Lords in the UK Houses of Parliament by the All Party Parliamentary Group on Conflict Issues, which was attended by Sharp and Arrow.
A film about the making of 'How to Start a Revolution', entitled 'Road to Revolution', was screened in January 2012 by Current TV in the UK.[http://current.com/new-year-new-revolution/road-to-revolution Road to Revolution Premieres 1 January at 8.30pm] (accessed 2 May 2012)After the screening of the 'Road to Revolution', the film itself, 'How to Start a Revolution', was also shown on Current TV: [http://current.com/new-year-new-revolution/how-to-start-a-revolution/ 'How To Start A Revolution' Premieres 1 January at 9pm] (accessed 2 May 2012)
On January 22, 2017, after the inauguration of President Donald Trump, the PBS America channel screened 'How to Start a Revolution' immediately after a 'Frontline' investigation into his election.
Touch Documentary
In 2012 'How to Start a Revolution' was among the first "Touch Documentaries" to be released using the Apple iPad platform. The film was integrated into the platform along with several of Sharp's lectures and four of Gene Sharp's books in several languages, including 'From Dictatorship to Democracy'. The app is supplemented by analysis and satellite mapping which is offered up to the viewer while watching the film. A "Revolution Monitor" is also included, which fuses Google Earth maps with Twitter displaying tweets and YouTube links from revolutionary groups and individuals when countries of interest are touched by the viewer.
A review by Peace and Collaborative Development Network described the app as "simply a must-have among peace studies scholars, those actively working to start or reorganize revolutions, or anyone who is interested in the logistics, history, and outcomes of nonviolent revolutions".
The 'How to Start a Revolution' touch documentary was shortlisted for the International Best Digital Media award in the One World Media Awards 2013.
References
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