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Firefox (film)
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Wikipedia article
'Firefox' is a 1982 American action techno-thriller film produced, directed by and starring Clint Eastwood. It is based upon the 1977 novel of the same name by Craig Thomas.
The film was set in Russia, but Cold War considerations had Eastwood's and Fritz Manes's Malpaso Company using Vienna and other locations in Austria to double for many of the Eurasian story locations. One source indicates that the film was shot on a $21 million budget, the largest production budget ever for Malpaso.[https://books.google.com/books?id=w6i25jxBIwcC&pg=PA337&lpg=PA337&dq=Firefox+(film)+budget&source=bl&ots=1HCoaSQo5a&sig=6lRe2h_xfmu1NBHF0RR_ve3jYRA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sRZzUfiEFOPn0gGO_IDIAg&ved=0CMcCEOgBMCY#v=onepage&q=Firefox%20(film)%20budget&f=false "Firefox: Budget."] 'Clint: The Life and Legend.' Retrieved: June 2, 2013. Another source indicates that over $20 million was spent on special effects.Schickel 1996, p. 378.
Plot
A joint British-American plot is devised to steal a highly advanced Soviet fighter aircraft (MiG-31, NATO code name "Firefox") which is capable of Mach 6 (hypersonic flight), is invisible to radar, and carries weapons controlled by thought. Former United States Air Force Major Mitchell Gant, a Vietnam veteran, ex member of the Aggressor squadron and former prisoner of war, infiltrates the Soviet Union, aided by his ability to speak Russian (due to his having had a Russian mother) and a network of Soviet dissidents, three of whom are key scientists working on the fighter itself. His goal is to steal the Firefox and fly it back to friendly territory for analysis.
However, the KGB has got wind of the operation and is already looking for Gant. It is only through the dissidents that Gant remains one step ahead of the KGB and reaches the air base at Bilyarsk, where the Firefox prototype is under heavy guard. The dissidents working on the Firefox help Gant infiltrate the base. Pyotr Baranovich, one of the scientists, briefs Gant on the operation of the aircraft but warns him that there is a second prototype in the hangar that must be destroyed. The diversion will allow Gant to enter the hangar and escape with the first Firefox. Gant knocks out Lt. Colonel Yuri Voskov, a Soviet pilot assigned to take the first prototype on its maiden flight during a visit from the Soviet First Secretary. The scientists cause an explosive disruption, but the second prototype is undamaged. Baranovich is singled out for execution but manages to kill one of the guards with a concealed pistol before he and the other scientists are shot. Gant uses the commotion to enter the Firefox and fly it off the base.
Evading the Soviets' attempts to stop him, Gant barely reaches the Arctic ice pack and lands, making a rendezvous with a US submarine whose crew refuels and rearms the aircraft. However, Gant's last-minute refusal to kill Voskov has consequences; the Soviet pilot flies the second prototype, with orders to intercept him at the North Cape area. Gant completes the rendezvous and is on the way home when Voskov engages him in a dogfight. After a long battle, Gant finally remembers to fire one of his rearward missiles and Voskov's plane is destroyed. Satisfied that there are no other Soviet forces chasing him, Gant begins his flight to safety.
Cast
* Clint Eastwood as Major Mitchell Gant
* Freddie Jones as Kenneth Aubrey
* David Huffman as Captain Buckholz
* Warren Clarke as Pavel Upenskoy
* Ronald Lacey as Dr. Maxim Ilyich Semelovsky
* Kenneth Colley as Colonel Kontarsky
* Klaus Lwitsch as General Vladimirov
* Nigel Hawthorne as Dr. Pyotr Baranovich
* Stefan Schnabel as First Secretary
* Thomas Hill as General Brown
* Curt Lowens as Dr. Schuller
* Clive Merrison as Major Lanyev
* Kai Wulff as Lieutenant Colonel Yuri Voskov
* Dimitra Arliss as Dr. Natalia Baranovich
* Austin Willis as Walters
* Michael Currie as Captain Seerbacker
* Alan Tilvern as Air Marshal Kutuzov
* Oliver Cotton as Dmitri Priabin
* Hugh Fraser as Chief Inspector Tortyev
* Wolf Kahler as KGB Chairman Yuri Andropov
Production
The film was based on the creation of a "mythical" super fighter: the MiG-31 Firefox. The original Firefox from the novel was, cosmetically, nearly identical to the MiG-25 (which in reality is actually accurate).Schickel 1996, p. 375. The more intimidating version seen in the movie was created specifically for the film, and takes many of its design cues from the SR-71 Blackbird. In the sequel novel, 'Firefox Down,' the Firefox's appearance is described as matching the one in the film. For filming, four large-scale replicas were created, along with one full-size model that had dimensions of 66 feet long, 44 feet wide, and 20 feet high. The full-size model was built from a radio station broadcast-antenna skeleton and was capable of taxiing at 3040 mph.Munn 1992, p. 187.
Filming occurred in 1981 at a number of locations including Vienna, Austria; Montana; California; London and Greenland's Thule Air Force Base.Munn 1982, p. 185. Hollywood aerial cinematographer Clay Lacy flew second unit aerial sequences in a Learjet 23 high-speed aerial platform, for scenes that were later integrated into the film.Carlson 2012, p. 257.
Special effects supervisor John Dykstra pioneered a new technique for shooting the complex flying sequences, called reverse blue-screen photography. This involved coating the model with phosphorus paint and photographing it first with strong lighting against a black background and then with ultraviolet light to create the necessary male and female mattes to separate the foreground model and the background footage. This enabled the shiny black model to be photographed flying against a clear blue sky and gleaming white snow; compare this with traditional bluescreen technique used in 'The Empire Strikes Back.'Thomas 1982, p. 29. The original scale model made by Gregory Jein used in the bluescreen work is now on display at the Warner Bros. Museum.[http://vipstudiotour.warnerbros.com/video/the-warner-bros-studios-museum-featuring-items-from-batman-harry-potter-and-more/ "A Tour of the Warner Bros. Studio Museum."] 'Warner Bros. VIP Studio Tours.' Retrieved: June 2, 2013.Carlson 2012, p. 249.
Reception
Author Howard Hughes gave 'Firefox' a negative review, "Watch the trailer, read the book, play the game just avoid the film, it's another 'Eiger Sanction'. Less a 'Firefox', it's more of a damp squib, or at best a smoldering turkey."Hughes 2009, p. 200. Vincent Canby's review in 'The New York Times' made a similar assessment, zeroing in on Eastwood's lack of control over the plot line. "'Firefox' is only slightly more suspenseful than it is plausible. It's a James Bond movie without girls, a Superman movie without a sense of humor."Canby, Vincent. [https://web.archive.org/liveweb/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9E04EFDB143BF93BA25755C0A964948260 "Firefox (1982), Stealing Firefox."] 'The New York Times', June 18, 1982. However, Roger Ebert gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, describing it as "a slick, muscular thriller that combines espionage with science fiction. The movie works like a well-crafted machine." Todd McCarthy of 'Variety' panned the film as "a burn-out. Lethargic, characterless and, at 137 minutes, at least a half-hour too long."McCarthy, Todd (June 16, 1982). "Film Reviews: Firefox". 'Variety'. 14. Gene Siskel of the 'Chicago Tribune' gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of four and wrote that it was "generally entertaining," but "would be a lot more so if Eastwood, who served as producer-director, had excised some of the laborious buildup to the final shootout. Instead, we are asked to sit through some boring patches in which he avoids detection by Russian security officers, who seem to speak Russian or English whenever they like. What's uninteresting about all of this is that we know that Clint is going to make it to the plane. So, let's get on with it."Siskel, Gene (June 18, 1982). "Eastwood's ponderous pacing almost misfires 'Firefox'". 'Chicago Tribune'. Section 3, p. 3. Sheila Benson of the 'Los Angeles Times' called the film "a sagging, overlong disappointment, talky and slow to ignite. It is the first time that Eastwood the director has served Eastwood the actor-icon so badly, and it is unnerving."Benson, Sheila (June 18, 1982). "Caper Chase and Classic Grace". 'Los Angeles Times'. Part VI, p. 1. Gary Arnold of 'The Washington Post' wrote, "Both loyal fans and neutral observers may agree that Eastwood has steered himself into a peculiarly murky flight path on this occasion," calling the plot "far-fetched" and expressing disappointment that "the Firefox doesn't look all that formidable on the screen ... The only in-flight special effect that stirs the imagination is the parallel curtains of water that suddenly erupt in the wake of the plane as it whooshes across the ocean."Arnold, Gary (June 22, 1982). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1982/06/22/farfetched-firefox/ff715a88-f325-4839-89ac-2af2059ce6e8/ "Farfetched 'Firefox'".] 'The Washington Post'. B8.
As of November 2021, the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 38% based on reviews from 16 critics.
Video game
A laserdisc arcade game, based on the movie, was released by Atari in 1983.
See also
* List of American films of 1982
References
Citations
Bibliography
* Carlson, Mark. 'Flying on Film: A Century of Aviation in the Movies, 19122012'. Duncan, Oklahoma: BearManor Media, 2012. .
* Culhane, John. 'Special Effects in the Movies: How They Do It.' New York: Ballantine Books, 1981. .
* Hardwick, Jack and Ed Schnepf. "A Viewer's Guide to Aviation Movies." 'The Making of the Great Aviation Films,' General Aviation Series, Volume 2, 1989.
* Hughes, Howard. 'Aim for the Heart.' London: I.B. Tauris, 2009. .
* Munn, Michael. 'Clint Eastwood: Hollywood's Loner'. London: Robson Books, 1992. .
* Schickel, Richard. 'Clint Eastwood: A Biography'. New York: Knopf, 1996. .
* Thomas, Craig. 'Firefox.' New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1977. .
* Thomas, Walter. "Filming Firefox." 'Air Classics,' Vol. 44, No. 9, September 1982.
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