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Killer Constable
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Wikipedia article
{{Infobox film
| name = Killer Constable
| image = KillerConstable_1980_lowres.jpg
| alt = Film poster illustrates the main character Leng Tian-Ying
| native_name =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Chih-Hung Kwei
| producer =
| screenplay = Sze To On
| starring =
| music = Eddie Wang
| cinematography = Lee San-Yip
| editing =
| distributor = Shaw Brothers (Hong Kong)
W.W. Entertainment (U.S.)
Celestial Pictures
| released = 1984 (U.S.)
| runtime = 92 minutes
100 minutes
| country = Hong Kong
| language = Mandarin
| gross = HK$984,108.50
}}
'Killer Constable' (; aka 'Karate Exterminators', 'Lightning Kung Fu', 'Blood Brothers', or 'Karate Warrior' ) is a 1980 Hong Kong martial arts-action film directed by Chih-Hung Kwei, starring martial arts star Chen Kuan-tai.
The movie, produced by the Shaw Brothers studio, is a loose reworking of the 1969 movie by Chih-Hung Kwei's frequent collaborator, the film director Chang Cheh.
'Killer Constable' began a transition from the earlier Shaw Brothers studio films to the more cynical film noir approach of the later Hong Kong New Wave.
It was Chih-Hung Kwei's one and only period wuxia film.https://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/CulturalService/HKFA/documents/18995340/19057018/Kuei%2BChih-hung_e.pdf
Plot
At a lavish banquet, the Manchurian Empress Dowager Cixi of the 19th century Qing empire orders security chief Liu Jing Tian to capture the five thieves that stole 2 million teals from the royal vaults. Liu, in turn, then asks chief court constable Leng Tian-Ying, nicknamed the Killer Constable, to assemble a small group of his best men to find the thieves, dear or alive, and return the gold treasure within ten days. Leng accepts, but soon finds that his own brother Cun Yi, also law enforcement officer, refuses to join his posse, because he is fed up with Leng's merciless attitude and execution-style justice.
The first lead towards catching the thieves brings the constables to a watermill. There Leng tortures and ultimately kills the miller in front of his family, but he only recovers a small part of the gold treasure. Continuing on their quest, Leng and his posse are ambushed by two bandits at night in an abandoned temple. One constable, Peng Lai, who wandered off to feed the starving Han-Chinese villagers, is ambushed and staked alive. It falls to Leng to execute his companion and end his suffering. Then Leng hunts down the two bandits to the seaside where they are, once again, ambushed. Soon thereafter, they also discover a highly skilled assassin, hired by the bandits. Leng gets injured, and looses companion Ma Zhong, but ultimately defeats the assassin.
Later, the constables are attacked by a mysterious group of armed men that do not appear to belong to the group of robbers. They are rescued after the unexpected return of Leng's brother, who is later killed. Leng, wounded and exhausted, finds himself shelter unknowingly in the residence of the head bandit Fang. He is welcomed by his blind daughter who tends to his wounds. Later when her father returns, the two men hide their conflict and pretend to be friends.
After leaving Fang's home, Fang is wounded by Leng and they find themselves trapped by their mysterious pursuers. Fang, dying from the wounds inflicted by Leng, then offers to sacrifice his life in order to let the constable escape. However, this is on the condition that Leng promises to take care of his blind daughter. Before his death, the gang leader reveals it was Master Lu that had send his troops after them and that he in fact arranged for the gold to be stolen, to mask his own embezzlement. He choose Leng to hunt down the robbers, knowing he would not spare their lives, and in this way hide all evidence. A grief-stricken and betrayed Leng seeks vengeance, murders Master Lu, but dies by one of his trap mechanisms. We are left with the daughter of gang leader Fang waiting in vain for the men to return.
Cast
=
Law enforcement and state officials
=*Chen Kuan-tai, as Leng Tian-Ying, the 'killer constable' and main protagonist tasked with finding the treasure and the thieves
*Cho Tat-wah, as Lord Liu Jing Tian, the security chief who orders Leng to find the thieves
* Ai Fei, as Peng Lai, one of the constables selected for the mission by Leng. He shows compassion with the impoverished commoners, but is the first constable to die by being staked alive.
*Chiang Tao, as Zhao Jian, one of the constables selected for the mission by Leng
*Dick Wei, as Sun Heng, one of the constables selected for the mission by Leng. He dies at the seaside battle.
* Gam Biu, as Ma Zhong, an older constable who volunteers to join, later killed by assassin Fan
* Gam Sai-Yuk, as Cui Hin, a constable who is about to get married and delivers the first lead. He dies during the final ambush in the abandoned village.
*Keung Hon, as Lord Wang
* Bai Jing-Xue, as Cun Yi, constable and brother of Leng
*Yuen Wah, as Ba Jia, Liu's bodyguard
The outlaws
*Ku Feng, as Fang Feng-Jia, leader of the gang of bandits*Yau Chui-Ling, as Xiao Lan, the blind daughter of the gang leader Fang
*Leung Seung-Wan, as Ah Niu, miller and the first of the bandits to be caught and murdered
*Teresa Ha Ping, as Ah Niu's wife
*Lee Chun-Wa, as Tao Bau, the blacksmith bandit
*Kwan Yung-Moon, as Zhang Long, a cunning member of the gang of thieves, dies at the seaside battle
*San Kuai, as gang member Wang Wan-Wu, who uses his cut of the treasure to hire assassin Fan Jin-Peng, but is betrayed and killed by him
*Jason Pai Piao, as Fan Jin-Peng, a highly-skilled assassin
Themes
Social Inequality
An underlying theme in 'Killer constable' is the oppression of the poor and famished Han Chinese by the corrupt and greedy Manchu ruling class (which include the protagonist). Film historian David Bordwell points out that the cruelty of class warfare is, as also in many of Kuei's previous works, an important theme in 'Killer Constable' and quotes director Kuei : I simply wanted to depict how insignificant commoners are and how, under totalitarian rule, they turn out to be the victims. Similarly, movie critic John White of the Digital Fix highlights the "dramatic message of a political class which uses the security force/police as its tool for keeping the people oppressed and itself enriched".Justice
In the 1970s, crime-centered themes gained traction in Hong Kong cinema and, as in the case of 'Killer Constable', spread into the Kung Fu genre. Researcher Benjamin Freudenberg argues that the figure of the Killer Constable represents "the traditional Confucian fear of mechanic enforcement of the legal text". Film writer Hayley Scanlon similarly states that "Killer Constable is a critique of blind justice... " and that "the only good and true thing in the cruel wold of Killer Constable is the blind daughter of one of the criminals". Indeed, in one instance constable Ling and gang leader Fang go as far as pretending to be old friends in order to prevent her from finding out the truth, a scene that may have inspired a similar event in The Killer by John Woo.
Production
'Killer Constable' was produced by the Shaw Brothers using a Hong Kong-Korea co-production construct. Filming occurred in Hong Kong and South Korea and included a Korean assistant director Kim Seon-Gyeong. Several Korean actors picked up minor rolls, such as Kwan Yung-Moon.
An altered version of 'Killer Constable', ('The No-myung Sword'), was made for the Korean market, with different scenes, extended runtime and altered plot.
For the main character of the 'Killer constable' director Chih-Hung Kwei has explained that he was influenced by Doctor Zhivago: "I love Dr. Zhivago. In Killer Constable, I want to create a character like Zhivago. Despite his position in the high court, the protagonist is a righteous man. Yet in the corruption and poverty-stricken era at the end of the Qing Dynasty, there is not much good he can do on his own. Hence he is deluded by society and lives his life foolishly. "
Lead actor Chen Kuan-tai had previously left Shaw Brothers in a contract dispute, but was available as he re-joined Shaw Brothers in 1978.https://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/CulturalService/HKFA/documents/18995340/19057018/Chan%2BKoon-tai_e.pdf
He had starred as the lead in earlier successful movies directed by Chih-Hung Kwei, such as The Teahouse' (1974) and Big Brother Cheng (1975), that also share the same screenwriter Sze To On.
The movie marks the start of the long-time collaboration of Chih-Hung Kwei with cinematographer Lee San-Yip, who would film nearly all of his following movies such as the Hex series and The Boxer's Omen.
During shooting, director Kuei Chih-Hung aimed for a large degree of realism.
In a 2002 interview, Chen Kuan-tai has stated that "We were using real weapons" in 'Killer Constable' and that a fellow actor chopped off his right-hand pinky finger when shooting a fight scene.https://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/CulturalService/HKFA/documents/18995340/19057029/Oral%2bHistory%2bSeries_eng07_ebook.pdf
Release
'Killer Constable' ran in Hong Kong theaters from 28 March 1980 to 3 April 1980.
At the 5th edition of the Hong Kong International Film Festival, it was selected as one of eight feature films of the 'Hong Kong '81' section and was also part of the special retrospective on 'A study of the Hong Kong swordplay film'.
The Korean version of 'Killer Constable', 'The No-myung Sword', opened in cinemas on 20 March 1981.
'Killer Constable' was also theatrically released in West Germany under the title 'Der gnadenlose Vollstrecker' in 1981.
The US theatrical release occurred four years after the release in Hong Kong, under the title 'Karate Exterminators', in November 1984 by distributor World-Northal Corporation (World Wide Entertainment), who also managed the US television broadcast rights.
Reception
'Killer Constable' has been lauded as Chih-Hung Kwei's masterpiece and one of the best movies to emerge from the Shaw Brothers studio. Author Stephen Teo labels it as "... one of the best Shaw Brothers wuxia films of the eighties..." in this book 'Chinese Martial Arts Cinema The Wuxia Tradition' and movie critic John White of the Digital Fix argues 'This is one of the best films Shaw Brothers ever made'. The Hong Kong Film Critics Society included 'Killer Constable' in their list of "The Best 200 Chinese-language Films".
Contemporary reviews, such as those in the popular Hong Kong movie magazine City Entertainment , praise the carefully crafted atmosphere through set photography and martial arts arrangements.
In a modern review, Matthew Le-feuvre of [http://www.cityonfire.com cityonfire.com] gives the film a 9/10 rating and finds that "the real beauty is within the films iconography". Similarly, Grady Hendrix notes that the cinematography of Lee San-yip shows a "style that found its strength in his harshly geometric compositions, stylized lighting, and Lees uncanny ability to shoot coherent action in near-total darkness."
A less favorable view was given by 135 readers of [http://www.lovehkfilm.com LoveHKFilm.com] who voted 'Killer Constable' to place 100 in a 'Top 100 Hong Kong Films of the Eighties'.
More critical reviews argue the movie has an uneven quality, in particular finding the fight choreography lacking. However, film critic David Chute praises the sword battle scenes in the 1993 issue of Asian Trash Cinema.
Box office
'Killer Constable' was no box office success and grossed HK$984,108.50 (approximately 176 000 US$) at the Hong Kong box office, becoming the 74th-highest grossing Chinese film of the year 1980.
In South Korea, 28 548 tickets were sold in Seoul, grossing approximately (about ).
Home media
VHS
In the US market, home video releases of 'Killer Constable' emerged that were not sanctioned by the Shaw Brothers, some appearing under the title 'Lightning Kung Fu'.
GoldStar Home Video released a Korean version of Killer Constable in 1986.
DVD
Blu-ray
References
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