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Silent Running
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Wikipedia article
'Silent Running' is a 1972 environmental-themed American post-apocalyptic science fiction film. It is the directorial debut of Douglas Trumbull, and stars Bruce Dern, Cliff Potts, Ron Rifkin, and Jesse Vint.
Plot
In the future, all plant life on Earth is becoming extinct. As many specimens as possible have been preserved in a series of enormous greenhouse-like geodesic domes, attached to large spaceships, one of which is named 'Valley Forge', forming part of a fleet of American Airlines space freighters, currently just outside the orbit of Saturn.
Freeman Lowell, one of four crewmen aboard, is the resident botanist and ecologist who carefully maintains a variety of plants for their eventual return to Earth and the reforestation of the planet. Lowell spends most of his time in the domes, both cultivating the crops and attending to the animal life.
The crew of each ship receives orders to jettison and destroy their domes and return the freighters to commercial service. After four of the six 'Valley Forge' domes are jettisoned and blown up, Lowell rebels and opts instead to save the plants and animals on his ship. Lowell kills one of his crewmates, John, who arrives to plant explosives in his favorite dome, and his right leg is seriously injured in the process. He then jettisons and triggers the destruction of the other remaining dome, trapping and killing the remaining two crewmen.
Enlisting the aid of the ship's three service robots, Lowell stages a fake premature explosion as a ruse and sends the 'Valley Forge' careening toward Saturn in an attempt to hijack the ship and flee with the last forest dome. He then reprograms the drones to perform surgery on his leg and sets the 'Valley Forge' on a risky course through Saturn's rings. Later, as the ship endures the rough passage, Drone 3 is lost, but the ship and its remaining dome emerge relatively undamaged on the other side of the rings. Lowell gives the surviving drones the names Dewey (Drone 1) and Huey (Drone 2), while the lost Drone 3 is named Louie (a nod to Disney characters Huey, Dewey, and Louie).
Lowell, Huey, and Dewey set out into deep space to maintain the forest. Lowell reprograms Huey and Dewey to plant trees and play poker. He also has them bury John in the bio-dome. Lowell begins speaking to them constantly, as if they are children.
Huey is damaged when Lowell accidentally collides with him while driving a buggy recklessly, and Dewey sentimentally refuses to leave Huey's side during the repairs. As time passes, Lowell is horrified when he discovers that his bio-dome is dying, but is unable to come up with a solution to the problem. When the 'Berkshire' another space freighter waiting to see if the 'Valley Forge' has survived the trip around Saturn eventually reestablishes contact, he knows that his crimes will soon be discovered. It is then that he realizes a lack of light has restricted plant growth, and he races to install lamps to correct this situation. In an effort to save the last forest before the 'Berkshire' arrives, Lowell jettisons the bio-dome to safety. He then detonates nuclear charges, destroying the 'Valley Forge', the damaged Huey, and himself in the process. The final scene is of the now well-lit forest greenhouse drifting into deep space, with Dewey tenderly caring for it, holding Lowell's battered old watering can.
Cast
actor Mark Persons is visible inside the tiny 'Drone 1 (Dewey)' costume with its cover plate removed.
* Bruce Dern as Freeman Lowell
* Cliff Potts as John Keenan
* Ron Rifkin as Marty Barker
* Jesse Vint as Andy Wolf
* Mark Persons as Drone 1 (Dewey)
* Cheryl Sparks and Steven Brown as Drone 2 (Huey)
* Larry Whisenhunt as Drone 3 (Louie)
Production
Trumbull had been involved with creating effects for '2001: A Space Odyssey'. Director Stanley Kubrick had wanted the Stargate sequence of that film to be about Saturn, but technical difficulties prevented completion of the sequence's special effects within the limited time available. The Saturn idea was scrapped, and Kubrick substituted Jupiter instead. Trumbull developed the sequence after production, and it was recreated for Saturn in 'Silent Running'.
The interiors were filmed aboard the decommissioned Korean War aircraft carrier USS 'Valley Forge' (LPH-8), which was docked at the Long Beach Naval Shipyard in Long Beach, California. Shortly after filming was completed, the carrier was scrapped. The forest environments were originally intended to be filmed in the Mitchell Park Domes in Milwaukee, but the production budget forced the sequences to be shot in a newly completed aircraft hangar in Van Nuys, California. Trumbull stated in the commentary accompanying the DVD release that the geodesic domes containing the last forests of Earth's future on the 'Valley Forge' were based on the Missouri Botanical Garden's Climatron dome.
Three freighters are shown in the film: the 'Valley Forge', the 'Berkshire' and the 'Sequoia'. Five other ships that carried domes the 'Yellowstone, Acadia, Blue Ridge, Glacier,' and 'Mojave' are also mentioned. Each ship features a designation on the hull that notes the area from which some of its flora and fauna samples were taken. The 'Valley Forge' is listed as "Bahia Honda Subtropical," indicating at least some specimens were taken from this area of the Florida Keys.
The model of the 'Valley Forge' was long, and took six months to build from a combination of custom castings and the contents of approximately 800 prefabricated model-aircraft or tank kits. After filming was completed, American Airlines expressed an interest in sending the model on the tour circuit, but this was not feasible due to the model's fragile nature (in fact, during filming, pieces of the model frequently detached). The ship was subsequently disassembled after several years sitting in Trumbull's personal storage facility. Several pieces, including the domes, wound up in the hands of collectors. Several domes survive, including one that now rests in the Science Fiction Museum and Hall of Fame in Seattle, and another that was sold at auction in 2008.
The three drones were played by four bilateral amputees, an idea inspired by Johnny Eck, a sideshow performer of the early 20th century who had been born without lower limbs. The drone suits were custom-tailored for the actors. The suits are in Trumbull's personal collection.
The sound effects, including the drones, were created by uncredited composer Joseph Byrd. They were generated on a modified ARP 2600 synthesizer with added Oberheim Expander Modules.
Soundtrack
The soundtrack was written by Peter Schickele, a bassoonist who also composes comedy music under the name P. D. Q. Bach. It contains two songs written by Schickele and Diane Lampert, which were performed by vocalist Joan Baez: "Silent Running" and "Rejoice in the Sun". The two songs were issued as a single by Decca (32890). An LP was released by Decca in 1972 (DL 7-9188) and later reissued by Varese Sarabande on black (STV-81072) and green (VC-81072) vinyl. In 1998, a limited-release CD by the Valley Forge Record Groupe included an additional track with the spoken introduction "God Bless These Gardens." A CD with audio restoration was released in 2016 by Intrada, Special Collection Volume 369.[https://www.amazon.com/Silent-Running-Original-Soundtrack-Schickele/dp/B01N6AGRLS Silent Running (Original Soundtrack)] Retrieved December 26, 2019 Amazon.com
The band 65daysofstatic recorded an alternative soundtrack to the film, released in 2011 and commissioned by the Glasgow Film Festival.
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 71% based on reviews from 34 critics. The critical consensus states: "It doesn't fulfill the potential of its ambitious themes, but 'Silent Running' stands as a decidedly unique type of sci-fi journey marked by intimate character work and a melancholic mood." On Metacritic the film has a score of 67% based on reviews from 13 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Vincent Canby, reviewing the film for 'The New York Times', said that 'Silent Running' "is no jerry-built science fiction film, but it's a little too simple-minded to be consistently entertaining." Carl Sagan criticized the "technically proficient" film for depicting a future in which people have forgotten the inverse-square law, and that plants need sunlight. Roger Ebert awarded the film his highest rating of four stars and praised Dern as "a very good, subtle actor." Gene Siskel gave the film two stars out of four and compared it unfavorably to '2001: A Space Odyssey', saying that it had "the same effects but none of the wit or intelligence."Siskel, Gene (May 8, 1972). "Silent Running". 'Chicago Tribune'. Section 2, p. 19. Arthur D. Murphy of 'Variety' lauded the "excellent special effects" and "broadly entertaining script" but faulted the "crucial miscasting" of Dern, explaining, "Walking around often in robes which crudely suggest some kind of airborne vegetarian Noah, and otherwise suggesting an out-to-lunch mentality, his characterization does not evoke empathy."Murphy, Arthur D. (March 8, 1972). "Film Reviews: Silent Running". 'Variety'. 24. Charles Champlin of the 'Los Angeles Times' praised the film for avoiding "the usual heavy hokum associated with the [sci-fi] genre" and called it "a solid and well-disciplined first film. The spaceries really are impressive and the movie is an ingenious family entertainment which offers something to think about."Champlin, Charles (March 10, 1972). "Man Alone in 'Silent Running'". 'Los Angeles Times'. Part IV, p. 1. Gary Arnold of 'The Washington Post' called the film "the most original and interesting science-fiction melodrama since 'Planet of the Apes' and a new classic of the genre."Arnold, Gary (May 1, 1972). "A Moving Elegy-in-Advance". 'The Washington Post'. B1. Penelope Gilliatt of 'The New Yorker' wrote: "The robots have endearing qualities, paddling about as if in galoshes, and they play a wonderful game of poker, but this is sci-fi with the soul of an editorial."Gilliatt, Penelope (April 15, 1972). "The Current Cinema". 'The New Yorker'. 125. British film critic Mark Kermode has said that the film is a personal favorite and that he prefers it to '2001'.
Adaptation
A novelization of the film was published by Scholastic Books in 1972. It was written by longtime children's book author Harlan Thompson, based on the screen story and screenplay by Cimino, Washburn, and Bochco. It features expanded scenes (in flashback) taking place on Earth.
Home media
The film has been released several times on home video by Universal Studios Home Entertainment, beginning with the Betamax "pan and scan" release in 1982, and several VHS releases that followed. A DVD was released featuring the film's original 1.85:1 aspect ratio on May 21, 2002. A Blu-ray of the film was released on 14 November 2011 by Eureka: a 40th-anniversary release in its Masters of Cinema series, Region B-locked, 1080p, with extensive extras, initially in a steelbook case. Another was released by Arrow on 17 November 2020, which is 2K on disc, from a 4K scan of the film, with the same extras plus more. Both were released under license from Universal Studios, with transfers approved by director Douglas Trumbull.
See also
* List of American films of 1972
* Environmentalism
References
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