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London to Brighton in Four Minutes
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Wikipedia article
'London to Brighton in Four Minutes' is a short film produced by the BBC Film Unit in the early 1950s showing a train journey from London Victoria to Brighton in England. The camera was manually undercranked to produce a fast motion film so that the journey lasted only four minutes instead of the actual time of about one hour.
It was originally shown on BBC Television's 'Children's Newsreel' and over the years its frequent repeat transmissions became very popular with British television viewers of all ages. Later versions were produced, particularly in 1983 and 2013, showing some of the cultural and operational changes that had taken place. The films show the train driver's view ahead during a journey aboard the 'Brighton Belle'.
1953 BBC Film Unit film
The BBC Film Unit's 'London to Brighton in Four Minutes' is a short film about a London to Brighton train journey, produced in 1953. It was mostly filmed from the driver's point of view looking straight ahead with the filming done so that the journey was spectacularly fast, lasting only four minutes instead of the real travel time of about one hour. The ride was aboard the 'Brighton Belle', a Pullman train, along the Brighton Main Line from London Victoria to Brighton on the south coast of England.
The film was made by Don Smith and the first version was narrated by David Lloyd James for an edition of BBC Television's 'Children's Newsreel' regular weekend programme.
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|video1='1953': '[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TtiWQkW0v0o London to Brighton in Four Minutes]' London to Brighton Train Journey: 1953 uploaded to YouTube by BBC South.
|video2='1983': '[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahabRHUYO4A London to Brighton in 3 Minutes]' London to Brighton Train Journey: 1983 uploaded to YouTube by BBC South.
|video3='2013':'[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1jSDzTDcxg London to Brighton by Train in 3 minutes 18 seconds]' London to Brighton Train Journey: 2013. uploaded to YouTube by BBC South.
|video4='19532013': '[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGTwSNPqAqs London to Brighton Side by Side]'
London to Brighton Train Journeys: 1953 - 2013 uploaded to YouTube by BBC South.
|video5='2013 BBC report': [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGUD4DvY3IY London to Brighton Train Journeys: 1953 - 2013] uploaded to YouTube by BBC South.
|video6='Active map and 2013 film' [http://webvmt.org/webvmt/demos#youtube Active map synchronised with embedded YouTube video] video content uploaded to YouTube by BBC South. fails to link to the synchronised map and video which is now at
|video7='2016': '[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sE04Faxfo7I London Bridge to Brighton driver's eye view]' recorded at normal speed and uploaded to YouTube by [https://www.youtube.com/user/benjie131 Ben Elias].
}}
For the most part the camera was manually undercranked at about two frames per second for fast motion display at 25 frames per second. The film's commentator described this as "trick photography" and said the train was appearing to run the at an average speed of . 35 mm film was used and each time a film magazine ran out and was replaced, normal-speed shots of the engine driver were slotted in for continuity. The soundtrack of music and background noises were recorded magnetically for over-dubbing the sound of the train was actually that of a jet engine and clapping was used for the noises at station platforms and through bridges and tunnels. The music is "Sabre Jet" composed by David Hart.
Later, a version with a different commentary was made for the main 'Television Newsreel' programme with a name change to 'Go Slow on the Brighton Line'. Whereas the children's version only has narration at the beginning and end of the journey, in the revised version with a different narrator the names of some of the stations being passed are mentioned.
Subsequent programmes
In the early years of BBC television the film was transmitted quite often as part of their normal schedule and became very well known to the television audience. As such it was a dramatic variation on the BBC's rather frequent "interludes" (such as the "Potter's Wheel") which were merely gap-fillers between programmes and which had a generally tranquil atmosphere. The BBC still shows the film on rare occasions. To show the changing conditions over two periods of thirty years the journey was also filmed in 1983 and 2013, again using time-lapse photography to show the journeys at high speed. In addition, a version was produced showing the three films synchronised side by side.
Changes between 1953 and 2013
In 1953 Brighton Main Line was operated by the Southern Region of British Railways, then recently nationalised. The 'Brighton Belle' operated using electrical multiple units running on the third-rail system previously introduced by Southern Railway.
In 1958 the small station for Gatwick Racecourse was enlarged and renamed Gatwick Airport serving the rapidly expanding Gatwick Airport. The 1963 Beeching Report led to steam locomotives being withdrawn from the line and the closure of many branch lines and nearly all goods yards. The 'Brighton Belle' named-train service was ended in 1972. In 1982 Southern Region became the London and South Eastern sector and the following year all signal boxes were replaced by three rail operating centres. The express service between Victoria and Gatwick Airport was taken over by the InterCity sector in 1984 and rebranded 'Gatwick Express'. The privatisation of British Rail in the mid-1990s led to six different rail franchises all running on the Brighton Line; Connex South Central, Connex South Eastern, Gatwick Express, Thameslink, Thames Trains and Virgin CrossCountry.
By 2013, while freight on the Brighton Line had almost disappeared and the complexity of branch lines had diminished, passenger traffic boomed with a new town at Crawley, expanded business at Brighton and Croydon, and increased traffic at Gatwick Airport. The 1988 Thameslink project opened the way for through trains to run between Brighton and Bedford, north of London this route does not go to Victoria but branches off to cross the River Thames at Blackfriars Railway Bridge and reaches north of London via the reopened Snow Hill tunnel.
BBC 'South Today' produced news reports in 2013 describing the changes on the journey between 1953 and 2013. Because of heavier traffic there were no longer any non-stop journeys between the two stations so the 2013 film had to be filmed on a special train running early on a Sunday morning. All the same, the fastest scheduled journey time had been reduced from 60 minutes to 47 minutes with the maximum train speed being increased from to . Ticket inspectors had been replaced by automatic barriers and by 2013 the railway staff were no longer nearly all men. In 1953 there were still steam trains running on the line although the 'Brighton Belle' itself was electric. The number of railway branch lines had been reduced so there were fewer points and sidings but the number of trains had doubled and there were more than twice as many passengers. The railway line and train operators had both been privatised and the trains had become air-conditioned. In 1953 the return fare was 15/- (75 pence), that is to say 18.75 by 2013 allowing for inflation, while in 2013 the fare was actually 28.80 ($ in 2013).
Route taken
The Brighton Main Line runs from London Victoria and terminates at Brighton. An animated map of the route, synchronised with the 2013 film of the journey has been produced on an external website using innovative software. A map showing the position of the train as it travels is displayed along with the film of the 2013 journey.
See also
* London to Brighton Veteran Car Run rally for cars built before 1905
* 'Germany's Most Beautiful Railways' real-time, drivers view, German fill-in television series
Notes
References
Citations
Works cited
*Category:1953 in British television
Category:British short documentary films
Category:1950s short documentary films
Category:BBC television documentaries
Category:Films set on trains
Category:1953 documentary films
Category:1953 films
Category:Interstitial television shows
Category:1950s British films
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