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Gateway to Asia
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Wikipedia article
'Gateway to Asia' is a 10-minute 1945 Canadian documentary film, directed and produced by Tom Daly for the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) as part of the wartime 'Canada Carries On' series.Lerner 1997, p. 1051. The film documents the importance of British Columbia during the Second World War as a "gateway" to Asia and the Pacific. The French version of 'Gateway to Asia' is 'Au seuil du Pacifique'.
Synopsis
Before the war, British Columbia was treated as a unique "back door" to the Pacific and considered by many as one of Canada's playgrounds. Visitors were often enchanted by the scenery but were not aware of the rich bounty of the region including forests, mountains and the sea. The lumber and pulp and paper industries represent the greatest livelihood for thousands of B.C. citizens. The fast-growing mining industry with its roots back to Gold Rush days and the extensive commercial fisheries which provide more than 1/2 the fish production in Canada, are also important.
In wartime, the population of British Columbia has utilized its vast natural resources and industrial strength to become a critical factor in Canada's war effort. From its shipyards comes nearly 3/4s of all the Canadian ships constructed in the Second World War. Its residents have made a substantial contribution to the home front workforce. Although there is a diverse population in Canada's most westerly province, 70% of its people have British origins. Other ethnic group make up the province's population include Japanese- and Chinese-Canadians as well as a significant number of Sikhs.
With the outbreak of a Pacific War, however, major ramifications were caused in B.C.'s population, especially among the large numbers of Japanese-Canadians. Overnight, the 22,000 citizens of Japanese background were removed from the Pacific coast and their property seized.
British Columbia provides a vital link between the rest of Canada and its neighbours in the Far East, Asia and Russia. The use of the Northwest Staging Route with airstrips, airports and radio ranging stations built in Alberta, the Yukon and British Columbia was a "skyway" to Asia. The aircraft that flew this route not only supplied the ongoing construction of the Alaska Highway but also served to ferry American lend-lease aircraft for the Soviet Union Air Forces from the United States to Alaska, and then across the Bering Strait to Siberia.
At the threshold of a new age, with the advent of high-speed air travel, Canada's Pacific gateway to Asia, will also become a new international trade route to connect to over 1/2 of the people of the world.
Cast
* General A.G.L. McNaughton as Himself (archival footage)
Historical context
The widespread expulsion of Japanese-Canadians from Pacific coast "restricted" areas, as depicted in 'Gateway to Asia' is reflective of official government policy during the Second World War.Sunahara 2000, pp. 4546. While mention is made that property was abandoned, the large fishing fleets, farms and businesses owned by Japanese-Canadians, through the War Measures Act (1942), were actually sold with their previous owners forced to give up their rights for recourse.Sunahara 2000, pp. 89, 91. The detention camps may not have been prisons, but the film uses them as a backdrop, along with ominous music representing Japan, to justify the expulsion with the disclaimer that a final determination of permanent resettlement has not yet been made. By 1945, the Parliament of Canada had enacted legislation to codify the impounding of property and removal of both Nisei and foreign-born Canadians of Japanese origin.Fujiwara, Aya. "Japanese-Canadian Internally Displaced Persons:Labour Relations and Ethno-Religious Identity in Southern Alberta, 19421953." 'Labour/Le Travail', Issue 69, Spring 2012, p. 65.
Production
Typical of the NFB's Second World War documentary short films in the 'Canada Carries On' series, 'Gateway to Asia' was created as a morale boosting propaganda film.Rist 2001, p. 50. The film used a compilation documentary format that relied heavily on newsreel footage edited to provide a cogent message.Leach and Sloniowski 2003, p. 118. Morris, Peter. [http://www.filmreferencelibrary.ca/index.asp?layid=44&csid1=615&navid=66 "Film Reference Library: Canada Carries On."] 'Canadian Film Encyclopedia'. Retrieved: April 9, 2016.
The deep baritone voice of stage actor Lorne Greene was featured in the narration of 'Gateway to Asia'. Greene was known for his work on radio broadcasts as a news announcer at 'CBC', as well as narrating many of the 'Canada Carries On' series.Bennett 2004, p. 254. His sonorous recitation led to his nickname, "The Voice of Canada", and to some observers, the "Voice-of-God".Rist 2001, p. 84. When reading grim battle statistics or narrating a particularly serious topic, he was known as "The Voice of Doom".[https://tkmorin.wordpress.com/2013/01/16/bonanzas-canadian-lorne-greene/ "Bonanza's Canadian Lorne Greene."] 'Bite Size Canada'. Retrieved: April 9, 2016.
Reception
'Gateway to Asia' was produced in 35 mm for the theatrical market. Each film was shown over a six-month period as part of the shorts or newsreel segments in approximately 800 theatres across Canada. The NFB had an arrangement with Famous Players theatres to ensure that Canadians from coast-to-coast could see them, with further distribution by Columbia Pictures.Ellis and McLane 2005, p. 122.
After the six-month theatrical tour ended, individual films were made available on 16 mm to schools, libraries, churches and factories, extending the life of these films for another year or two. They were also made available to film libraries operated by university and provincial authorities.Ohayon, Albert. [http://blog.nfb.ca/2009/07/13/propaganda-cinema/ "Propaganda cinema at the NFB".] 'National Film Board of Canada', July 13, 2009. Retrieved: April 9, 2016.
See also
* 'Warclouds in the Pacific' (1941)
* 'Look to the North' (1944)
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
* Bennett, Linda Greene. 'My Father's Voice: The Biography of Lorne Greene'. Bloomington, Indiana: iUniverse, Inc., 2004. .
* Ellis, Jack C. and Betsy A. McLane. 'New History of Documentary Film'. London: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2005. .
* Leach, Jim and Jeannette Sloniowski, eds. 'Candid Eyes: Essays on Canadian Documentaries'. Toronto: University of Toronto, 2003. .
* Lerner, Loren. 'Canadian Film and Video: A Bibliography and Guide to the Literature'. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997. .
* Rist, Peter. 'Guide to the Cinema(s) of Canada'. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001. .
* Sunahara, Ann Gomer. 'The Politics of Racism: The Uprooting of Japanese Canadians During the Second World War'. Toronto: James Lorimer and Company, 2000, First edition 1981. .
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