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Song for Mumu
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Wikipedia article
'Song for Mumu' is the debut novel of Jamaican-born writer Lindsay Barrett. Written between April of 1962 and October of 1966 while the author lived in Frankfurt, Germany, Paris, and Accra, Ghana, it was published in 1967 in London, where Barrett participated in readings alongside writers associated with the Caribbean Artists Movement.
Set on an unnamed Caribbean island, 'Song for Mumu' is characterised as "an allegorical novel of desire, love, and loss". It was favourably noticed on publication by such reviewers as Edward Baugh and Marina Maxwell (who respectively described it as "remarkable" and "significant").Baugh, Eddie, [http://0-literature.proquest.com.fama.us.es/searchFulltext.do?id=R03932580&divLevel=0&area=abell&forward=critref_ft "Confessions of a Critic"] , 'Journal of West Indian Literature' (15:1/2), November 2006, pp. 1528. It has also been called "a stylistic masterpiece of modern black fiction".
Reception
Among positive critical coverage that 'Song for Mumu' received on first publication, the review in 'The Observer' said: "Lindsay Barrett's prose has vitality; it's usually simple, often demotic, packed with images. He can convey sensuality that is innocent and tragedy that is no less frightening for being unsought." A. R. Chisholm of the 'Melbourne Age' described the novel as "violently, lyrically, movingly original: A primitive masterpiece."Chisholm, A. R., "Novels", Saturday Pages, 'The Age' (Melbourne, Victoria, Australia), 17 February 1968, p. 10. Reviewing it for 'Caribbean Quarterly', Edward Baugh wrote of "the way in which it moves in worlds of magic and madness, myth and primitive ritual, not so as to exploit their strangeness, but to make them familiar, to emphasise their immediate reality, no less real than the reality of the natural and everyday. In his own distinctive way, Barrett is doing something not dissimilar to what, in their separate ways, Wilson Harris and the Cuban Alejo Carpentier have done".Baugh, Edward (December 1967), "Song For Mumu" (review), in 'Caribbean Quarterly', vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 5354.
Following Longman's 1967 UK edition, 'Song for Mumu' became in 1974 one of the first titles published by executive editor Charles Harris at Howard University Press in the US.Dreyfuss, Joel (14 April 1974), "The presses roll at Howard U", 'The Sunday Record' (Hackenshaw, New Jersey), p. 42. The 'New York Times' reviewer, after suggesting that Barrett's writing lacked "enough philosophical connective", ultimately commented: "What shines in the book is its language."Levin, Martin, [https://www.nytimes.com/1974/09/29/archives/new-novel-song-for-mumu-by-bernard-glemser-375-pp-boston-little.html "New and Novel"]. Review of 'Song for Mumu' in 'The New York Times' (archives), 29 September 1974, Section VII:40. 'Song for Mumu' has also been called "the most explicit novel of frustration. Death and murder, insanity and poverty converge like dervishes. Yet out of it, Barrett succeeds in creating a world of physical liberation through song and dance celebrating black African heritage in Black America and Jamaica recounting the ex-slaves oral tradition."
Philip Royster, championing the book as "one of the most important novels that records, reflects, and criticizes the black experience" and "a stylistic masterpiece of modern black fiction", while examining the reasons some other critics had expressed less favourable views in the past, concluded in a 1982 article: "The novel captures the people's urge for the land of the country, for family relationships, for security and love, for identity and purpose, and for peace and God....As with Jean Toomer's 'Cane', the meaning of 'Song for Mumu', its purpose and theme, must be analyzed by abstraction, association and inference. It is a poetic novel, not an essay. Scholars, critics and teachers have the opportunity to render the work accessible to a broad audience of students and readers so that it will not be neglected for forty years as was 'Cane'."
More recently it has been commended for its "pervading passion, intensity, and energy",Maes-Jelinek, Hena, [https://books.google.com/books?id=7uH_4yAahYkC&pg=PA140&lpg=PA140&dq=%22lindsay+Barrett%22+%22song+for+mumu%22&source=bl&ots=MddkOq9OTc&sig=rrd0By54bpiHumxr9sljpoy4X9k&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiX6aGThMfLAhUEVRoKHQO0AXcQ6AEIWzAN#v=onepage&q=%22lindsay%20Barrett%22%20%22song%20for%20mumu%22&f=false "The Novel 1950 to 1970"], in Albert James Arnold, Julio Rodrguez-Luis, J. Michael Dash (eds), 'A History of Literature in the Caribbean, Vol. 2: English- and Dutch-speaking regions', John Benjamins Publishing, 2001, p. 140. and called a classic.[http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/164364_Jimmy-Cliff-planning-sequel-to-The-Harder-They-Come "Jimmy Cliff planning sequel to The Harder They Come"] , 'Jamaica Observer', 24 November 2009. Al Creighton writing in the 'Stabroek News' in 2018 referred to 'Song for Mumu' as an "intriguingly poetic experimental novel", in the context of seeing Barrett who settled in Nigeria in the 1960s as a disciple of Nigerian writer Gabriel Okara, "the virtual father of modern African literature in English".
Further reading
*Brathwaite, Edward, [http://www.jstor.org/stable/40653176 "West Indian Prose Fiction in the Sixties: A Survey"], in 'Caribbean Quarterly', Vol. 16, No. 4 (December 1970), pp. 517. Also in 'Black World', vol. 20, no. 11 (1971), pp. 1429, 'Bim' and 'The Critical Survey'.
*Edwards, Norval "Nadi", "Lindsay Barrett (1941 )", in Daryl Cumber Dance (ed.), 'Fifty Caribbean Writers: A Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook', New York: Greenwood Press, 1986, pp. 2634.
*Royster, Philip M., "The Curse of Capitalism in the Caribbean: Purpose and Theme in Lindsay Barrett's 'Song for Mumu'", 'Obsidian II: Black Literature in Review' 2.2, 1987, pp. 322; reprinted in Harry B. Shaw (ed.), [https://books.google.com/books?id=407y3M8nfz0C&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=lindsay+barrett+jamaica&source=bl&ots=yhrmm6VMcb&sig=d3EaNK-HkVy6VYkeHgKlY9d412A&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZUmmUeGoHrSk0AWU14DYAw&ved=0CNkBEOgBMCE#v=onepage&q=lindsay%20barrett%20jamaica&f=false 'Perspectives of Black Popular Culture'], Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1990, pp. 2235.
References
Category:1967 novels
Category:Jamaican novels
Category:1967 debut novels
Category:Novels set in the Caribbean
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