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Bone Tomahawk
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Wikipedia article
'Bone Tomahawk' is a 2015 American Western written and directed by S. Craig Zahler as his directorial debut. It stars Kurt Russell, Patrick Wilson, Matthew Fox, Richard Jenkins, Lili Simmons, Evan Jonigkeit, David Arquette, and Sid Haig and was produced by Jack Heller and Dallas Sonnier. The film is about a small-town sheriff who leads a posse into a desolate region to rescue three people who were abducted by a cannibalistic Native American clan.
Development of the film started when Zahler's friend and manager Dallas Sonnier recommended to create a film adaptation of Zahler's Western novel 'Wraiths of a Broken Land'. Realizing that such a project cannot be adapted on a low budget, Zahler opted to write a rescue Western instead. Casting began in October 2014, with Peter Sarsgaard, Timothy Olyphant, and Jennifer Carpenter signed on to play before being replaced by Wilson, Fox, and Simmons respectively due to scheduling conflicts. Principal photography took place in California over a course of 21 days in October 2014.
The premiere of 'Bone Tomahawk' took place at the Fantastic Fest on October 1, 2015 and was given a limited release on October 23, 2015 by RLJ Entertainment, grossing over $480,000 in movie sales and $4.32 million in home media sales against a $1.8 million budget. The film received mainly positive reviews, with praise for Zahler's screenplay and direction and the performances of the ensemble cast, though its runtime was criticized.
Plot
In the 1890s, brigands Purvis and Buddy encounter a Native American burial site. They are ambushed and Buddy is killed while Purvis escapes. Purvis reaches the nearby town of Bright Hope and buries his loot. However, Deputy Chicory reports him to Sheriff Franklin Hunt, who shoots Purvis in the leg when he attempted to escape. Hunt sends the confident gunslinger John Brooder to fetch the town's doctor, but ends up fetching Samantha O'Dwyer, the doctor's daughter and assistant, who is caring for her husband Arthur, a ranch foreman, after he broke his leg. Hunt leaves Samantha in the sheriff's office with his other deputy Nick to tend to Purvis' wounds in the jail cell. That night, a nearby stable boy is killed.
Hunt learns of the murder and goes to his office finding it empty, with an arrow left behind. The Professor, an educated Native American, links the arrow to a tribe that he refers to as "Troglodytes" and locates the valley where they inhabited on a map, warning Hunt that they are a group of inbred cannibals shunned and avoided by other native tribes. Certain that Samantha, Nick, and Purvis have been captured by them, Hunt forms a rescue party with Chicory and Brooder, and then later joined by Arthur, who insists on accompanying them to find his wife despite his injury.
Days into their ride, two strangers stumble across the rescue party's camp and are killed by Brooder, fearing they are scouts for a raid. The rescue party then set up a camp at another spot, but are ambushed by a group of raiders who injures Brooder's horse and steals the rest. The following day, a fight breaks out between Brooder and Arthur, exacerbating Arthur's leg wound. Chicory leaves him to recover while he, Hunt, and Brooder continue on-foot. Reaching the valley, the rescue party are ambushed by the Troglodytes, killing three but with Brooder killed and Hunt and Chicory captured and imprisoned within their cave.
Hunt and Chicory find Samantha and Nick in a different cell and are informed by them that the Troglodytes have already killed and eaten Purvis. The group later witness Nick stripped, brutally scalped, bisected alive, and then consumed. Samantha estimates that there are twelve Troglodytes inhabiting the valley, decreased to nine after their encounter with the rescue party. Hunt tricks several Troglodytes into drinking liquor laced with opium tincture, with one dying while another becomes unconscious. Arthur follows the men's trail and discovers the valley, he kills two Troglodytes and notices an object embedded in their windpipes. After cutting one out, he realizes that it is animal bone that acts as a whistle. He blows on it, luring another Troglodyte, then kills him.
In the cave, realizing two of their clan were poisoned, the Troglodyte leader grows angry. They cut open Hunt's abdomen, shove the heated opium flask into the wound, and shoot him. Arthur arrives and kills one of them while Hunt decapitates the leader. Arthur frees Samantha and Chicory, while a mortally wounded Hunt stays behind with a rifle. He promises to kill the surviving cannibals when they return, to prevent them from terrorizing Bright Hope. As the three leave the cave, they see two pregnant Troglodyte women, who are blinded and have had all their limbs amputated. After the party is at a distance from the valley, Arthur blows on the Troglodyte whistle, with no response. They then hear three gunshots, implying that Hunt has killed the remaining Troglodytes.
Cast
Production
Development
'Bone Tomahawk' is the directorial debut of screenwriter and novelist S. Craig Zahler, whose script was created back in 2011. Zahler had previously completed more than forty original screenplays for Hollywood, including 'The Big Stone Grid', 'Conflicts of the Last Progenitors', and 'The Brigands of Rattleborge', the last of which topped The Black List in 2006. However, only one film was produced: the 2011 low-budget horror film 'Asylum Blackout'.Zahler had previously written two novels and screenplays in the Western genre, making 'Bone Tomahawk' his fifth Western work. Back in 2005, Zahler watched nineteen films in two weeks at a Westerns festival at the Film Forum and, upon seeing a film he didn't like, began to think about how to improve it in his own way; thereafter deciding to write novels and screenplays in the Western genre. The concept of 'Bone Tomahawk' arose when Zahler's manager, producer, and friend Dallas Sonnier proposed he make a film adaption of his novel 'Wraiths of the Broken Land' directed by Zahler himself. However, Zahler believed the novel could not be adapted on a low budget and opted to write a rescue Western, 'Bone Tomahawk', instead as a sibling piece to 'Wraiths of the Broken Land'. Zahler took satisfaction while creating 'Bone Tomahawk', in preserving within the film much of the original script. 'Bone Tomahawk' was described by Alex Godfrey of 'The Guardian' as "A western with horror trimmings", but has been described by Zahler as just a direct Western, with references to lost race fiction such as H. Rider Haggard's 'King Solomon's Mines'. Zahler incorporated some details of his personal life into the script, remarking: "Most characters I write have some attributes in common with me, and some attributes that are not. Certainly when Brooder says: Smart men dont get married, everyone who knows me is thinking of me. Thats something Zahler would say." and "Im not married and dont have any interest in it."
In regard to other Western films made in 2015, Zahler remarked that he thought 'The Revenant' was the worst film that he had seen in five years while 'The Hateful Eight' is too theatrical, despite him enjoying watching the latter. Zahler includes humor in every work he writes, stating: "Its one of these things where youre dealing with a serious situation, but if everyone is frowning and dour all the time, and you dont see life or love in these characters, I dont know why you care; that was my experience watching 'The Revenant' wondering why anyone would care at all about anything happening to any person in that film."
Dallas Sonnier praised the script for 'Bone Tomahawk', and pledged to be faithful to it, telling potential investors that arbitrary meddling in the script was not welcome. Despite Sonnier's assurances, investors still wanted the script to be changed due to conflicting interpretations of the films genre, and the film being Zahlers directorial debut. Zahler refused to compromise, including by refusing to sacrifice full creative control and refusing to reduce the film length to ninety minutes. Zahler and Sonnier finally accumulated a $1.8 million budget, half provided by Sonnier and the other half provided by British company The Fyzz Facility, and had 21 days to film. Due to budget constraints, a substantial amount of content in the script did not make it into the final film. When selling the movie to investors, Zahler used directors such as John Cassavetes, Larry Clark, Wong Kar-wai, and Takeshi Kitano as stylistic reference points, despite none being filmmakers in the Western genre. Production of the film was made public on October 30, 2012 and was funded by Caliber Media Company, owned by Sonnier and Jack Heller, with French company Celluloid Dreams handling international sales. On October 2, 2014, Dave Halls was hired as first assistant director of 'Bone Tomahawk'.
Casting
, Richard Jenkins and Matthew Fox at 2015 Fantastic FestOn October 2, 2014, Kurt Russell, Peter Sarsgaard, Richard Jenkins, and Jennifer Carpenter signed on to play a sheriff, a cowboy, an oldster, and one of the captives of troglodyte cannibals, respectively. On September 24, 2014, Patrick Wilson and Matthew Fox joined the cast of the film to star along with Russell and Jenkins; Wilson would play Arthur O'Dwyer, a ranch foreman, while Fox would play the role of John Brooder, a gentlemen with dark inclinations. On September 29, Lili Simmons, David Arquette, Sid Haig, Kathryn Morris and Evan Jonigkeit joined the film; Simmons replaced Carpenter to play female lead Samantha O'Dwyer, the de facto doctor and wife of Arthur O'Dwyer, Arquette and Haig would play brigands, Morris would play the wife of Sheriff Hunt, while Jonigkeit was set to play a young deputy sheriff. The other ensemble cast added by the director includes Sean Young, Geno Segers, Fred Melamed, James Tolkan, Raw Leiba, Jamie Hector, Jamison Newlander, Michael Par, Zahn McClarnon, David Midthunder, Jay Tavare, Gray Wolf Herrera, Robert Allen Mukes, and Brandon Molale. In addition, both Sarsgaard and Timothy Olyphant, who were originally scheduled to star in the film, withdrew.
at 2015 San Diego Comic-Con
Russell's agent Michael Cooper handed over the script of 'Bone Tomahawk' to Sarsgaard, who was originally cast to play Arthur O'Dwyer. Sarsgaard enjoyed the script and signed on to the movie, leading to Cooper passing the script off to Russell. Zahler thought that Russell was a good fit for the role of Sheriff Franklin Hunt, who read the script and quickly agreed to perform. Russell got along well with Zahler, and had also read Zahler's novel 'Wraiths of the Broken Land'. In his interview with 'Collider', Russell appreciated Zahler's script and his "sparse" writing style, adding: "Its its own category, I wouldnt know what to call it. Its not just a straight western, Ive heard it referred to as a horror western, its not that, thats kind of a bad call on it, I think. I think its a graphic western, I think thats fair." Russell also praised Zahler's skills as a director, especially since 'Bone Tomahawk' is his directorial debut. Russell described Sheriff Franklin Hunt as a stubborn and simple good man, whose behavior and tone were very in line with the era in the film. In his comparisons of Hunt to Wyatt Earp, he thought that Hunt and Earp will respect each other, but Earp will be uninterested in him due to Hunt being a low-profile person. In addition, since Russell was also involved in 'The Hateful Eight' at about the same time, he had to look different between the two films in regards to the style of hair and beard, remarking: "I had to cheat it. So the look I have in 'Bone Tomahawk' was sort of a halfway house thing, halfway to where I was going for 'Hateful Eight'. It's in full blown maturity in 'Hateful Eight'!" Jenkins was Zahler's primary choice for the role of Deputy Chicory, who ended up becoming Zahler's favorite character to write. Although Chicory was written with Jenkins' voice in mind, Jenkins decided to give Chicory an accent and a raspy voice, and though he ended up in acting in a normal voice, he still pushed the accent on-screen.
Filming
, where filming took placePrincipal photography began on October 6, 2014, in Malibu, California, where it was filmed for 21 days at the Paramount Ranch. Previously, the crew scouted filming locations at New Mexico, Utah, and Romania. Before filming began, experts told Zahler that shooting could take sixty days and cost $10 million, so Zahler kept a close eye on the schedule while filming and relying on staff to get the job done in a short amount of time. The actors were all onboard on the script and did their roles in the shortest amount of time possible, with one of the scenes using two takes; Russell also gave advice on shooting the violent scenes of the film. During filming, there were multiple firearms malfunctioning, as well as problems regarding special effects, makeup, personnel, and positioning that occurred on a single day. In order to shoot scenes with multiple characters on-screen, 'Bone Tomahawk' was shot with a RED Dragon camera at a ratio of 2.35:1. In October 2017, Zahler reflected that he did not like that camera due to it being visually noisy, which led him to switch out for the RED Weapon camera in his next film 'Brawl in Cell Block 99'. Zahler avoids using too many close-ups in the film, remarking: "One of those things is not using close-ups all the time because most of the time you interact with people, youre not looking just their faces from a close distance unless youre intimate." He believes that modern filmmaking frequently use close-ups, which in his mind misses a lot of body language, especially the hands.
Bone Tomahawk is well-known for its violent scenes in the troglodytes' cave, with the most notable being Hunter and Chicory watching Nick get torn in half by the cannibals. The troglodytes' cave was shot in California and is the same cave in one of the episodes of the TV series 'Weeds' and the movie 'Iron Man' (2008). Explaining his invulnerability to violence, Zahler stated that a lot of horror films do not intimidate him with the exception of 'Men Behind The Sun' (1988), which he had not watched since when he was a teenager. Zahler shows a dry presentation of violence in his films, using long shots to capture horrific violent acts on people, exemplifying 'Cannibal Holocaust' (1980), which employs this tactic. Zahler also explains that violence enhances the characters, stating: "By showing all that violence and showing him talking the guy through itfor me it was always a real scene of strength for Sheriff Hunt, to not just cower away or start blubberinghes talking a person through the worst moment of his life. As hideous as the violence is in that scene, its a real showing of character strength for Sheriff Hunt. He endures that and does something during those actions that most people couldnt do." Zahler did not fully focus the camera on the troglodytes, wanting to make their culture more mysterious.
Music
The film's soundtrack was composed by Zahler's friend Jeff Herriott. Herriott remarked: Although we didnt start working on the music until after they had finished a first cut, Craig and I spoke well before the movie was ever shot about what roles the music would and wouldnt serve, discussing a few films as reference points. The music in 'Bone Tomahawk' often accompanies long shots, rather than close-ups, primarily because Craig didnt want the music to underscore emotion. He wanted the emotional scenes to be as direct and impactful as possible, and he thought that these scenes might be felt more intensely and honestly without music. Instead, music functioned primarily as transitional material when there was no dialogue, to set the mood or establish a scene.
Lakeshore Records released the soundtrack in Digital on October 23, 2015 and in Vinyl formats.
Release
In August 2015, RLJ Entertainment acquired distribution rights to the film, which had its world premiere at the Fantastic Fest on October 1, 2015. It later screened at the Charlotte Film Festival on October 3, 2015 and later at the London Film Festival on October 10, 2015. The first trailer of 'Bone Tomahawk' was released on October 2, 2015. On October 23, 2015, Bone Tomahawk was given a limited release in the United States, and later was released on Blu-ray and DVD on December 29, 2015. Bone Tomahawk was released in a few theaters in the United States, grossing $480,000, plus a total of $4.32 million in home media sales. According to 'The Guardian', the film was a commercial success and made its money back.
The Blu-ray disc includes behind-the-scenes production footage, theatrical trailers, a collection of posters, a Q&A session with the director and cast, and a cut scene lasting for about two and a half minutes. The deleted scene is an extended version of the ending: Arthur, Chicory, and Samantha spend the night by a campfire, with Chicory naming Arthur as the new sheriff of Bright Hope before Arthur tries to read a "poem" to Samantha he wrote while he was working as a foreman.
Reception
Critical response
' (1956)'Bone Tomahawk' received positive responses from critics and at festivals for its acting (particularly for Kurt Russell, Richard Jenkins and Matthew Fox), grittiness, Zahler's direction, and dialogue, which is stated to be a combination of 'The Searchers' and 'Cannibal Holocaust'. Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 91% of critics gave the film a "Certified Fresh" rating, based on 93 reviews with an average score of 7.2/10, with a consensus of: "'Bone Tomahawk' peculiar genre blend won't be for everyone, but its gripping performances and a slow-burning story should satisfy those in search of something different." Metacritic gave the film a weighted average score of 72 out of 100, based on 17 reviews from mainstream critics, considered to be "generally favorable".
Guy Lodge of 'Variety' praised the film, writing, "'Bone Tomahawk' may seem over-indulgent at 132 minutes, yet it's the wayward digressions of Zahler's script navigated with palpable enjoyment by an expert, Kurt Russell-led ensemble that are most treasurable in a film that commits wholeheartedly to its own curiosity value." John DeFore from 'The Hollywood Reporter' offered the film similar praise, commending the film's performances, production design, cinematography, score, and screenplay. Jeremy Aspinall from 'The Radio Times' awarded the film four out of five stars, calling it "a breathtaking addition to a once moribund genre". Dennis Schwartz of 'Ozus World Movie Reviews' gave the film a grade of B, praising the film's script, and blending of horror and western genres, while criticizing the film's runtime. Peter Bradshaw of 'The Guardian' gave the film four out of five stars, calling it a "pulpy twist on John Ford's 'The Searchers' which is hide-under-your-seat scary". Tom Huddleston of 'Time Out London' awarded the film a similar four out of five stars, praising the film's script, cinematography, humor, and performances, calling it "[an] unusual, unpredictable western-comedy-horror movie". Kim Newman of 'Empire' also gave the film a four out of five stars, calling the film a mix of 'The Searchers' and 'Cannibal Ferox' (1981), writing: "It has a nice line in wry chatter and a pleasantly old-fashioned lost posse plot with engaging, odd characters striving against the wilderness while swapping cynical frontier wisdom."
Jeannette Catsoulis of 'The New York Times' called the film a masterful blend of western, horror and comedy; "grisly and offbeat, 'Bone Tomahawk' may boast abysmal racial politics, but theyre also true to the terrors of the time. Of all the things we can expect from an Old West picture, cultural enlightenment isnt one of them." Brian Tallerico of 'RogerEbert.com' rated the film 3 out of 4 stars, praising the dialogue, the actors, and the violence in the third act. Kayln Corrigan of 'Bloody Disgusting' praised David Arquette's acting and how the film adds different techniques and styles to refresh the Western genre, but added that some audience members will not appreciate the slow pacing and the gory violence. Don Kaye of Den of Geek praised the interesting story and the performance of the cast, but also thought the film is lengthy.
The film was not without its detractors. Matt Donato from 'We Got This Covered' rated the film two and a half out of five stars, criticizing the runtime, stating that "'Bone Tomahawk' is a long, LONG journey towards cannibalistic mayhem, which will test the patience of western fans waiting for the gruesome tomahawking to begin." Conversely, Oliver Lyttelton of IndieWire found Zahler's writing to be engaging and unhurried, and the length to be not an issue. Kevin Maher of 'The Times' gave 'Bone Tomahawk' a negative two out of five stars, arguing that Zahler used cannibals to copy Quentin Tarantino's use of brutality in his films. Piers Marchant of the 'Arkansas Democrat-Gazette' gave the film a 5.6 out of 10, calling 'Bone Tomahawk' racist, and "the equivalent of having as villains a sect of Orthodox Jews, discovered to be sitting on piles of money and drinking baby's blood -- and for all intents and purposes, unexplored, other than to make it so radically blatant, it ka-thunks you in the head like one of the nameless tribe's titular weapons."
Accolades
References
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