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Outbreak (film)
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Wikipedia article
'Outbreak' is a 1995 American medical disaster film directed by Wolfgang Petersen and based on Richard Preston's 1994 nonfiction book 'The Hot Zone'. The film stars Dustin Hoffman, Rene Russo, Morgan Freeman and Donald Sutherland, and co-stars Cuba Gooding Jr., Kevin Spacey and Patrick Dempsey.
The film focuses on an outbreak of a fictional 'ebolavirus' and 'orthomyxoviridae'-like Motaba virus, in Zaire and later in a small town in California. It is primarily set in the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the fictional town of Cedar Creek, California. 'Outbreak' plot speculates how far military and civilian agencies might go to contain the spread of a deadly, contagious disease.
The film, released on March 10, 1995, was a box-office success, and Spacey won two awards for his performance. A real-life outbreak of the Ebola virus was occurring in Zaire when the film was released.
Plot
In 1967, during the Kisangani Mutinies, a virus called Motaba, which causes a deadly fever, is discovered in the African jungle. To keep the virus a secret, U.S. Army officers Donald McClintock and Billy Ford destroy the camp where soldiers were infected.
Twenty-eight years later, Colonel Sam Daniels, a USAMRIID virologist, is sent to investigate an outbreak in Zaire. He and his crewLieutenant Colonel Casey Schuler and new recruit Major Saltgather information and return to the United States. Ford, now a brigadier general and Daniels' superior officer, dismisses the latter's fears that the virus will spread.
A white-headed capuchin monkey that is host to the virus is smuggled into the country. James "Jimbo" Scott, a worker at an animal testing laboratory, is infected when he steals the monkey to sell on the black market. Jimbo fails to sell the monkey to Rudy Alvarez (who also becomes infected), a pet-store owner in the coastal-California village of Cedar Creek. After releasing the monkey into the woods outside of the nearby community of Palisades, he develops symptoms on a flight to Boston and infects his girlfriend, Alice. Their illness is investigated by Dr. Roberta Keough, a CDC scientist and Daniels' ex-wife. Jimbo, Alice, and Rudy die, but Keough determines that no one else in Boston was infected.
A hospital technician in Cedar Creek is infected when he accidentally breaks the vial of Rudy's blood. The virus quickly mutates into a strain capable of spreading like influenza, becoming airborne and causing a number of people to be infected in a movie theater. Daniels flies to Cedar Creek against Ford's orders, joining Keough's team with Schuler and Salt. As they begin a search for the monkey, the Army quarantines the town and imposes martial law. Schuler is infected when his suit tears and Keough accidentally sticks herself with a contaminated needle while treating him.
When Ford provides an experimental serum which cures the original strain, Daniels realizes that his superiors were aware of the virus before the outbreak. Daniels learns about Operation Clean Sweep, a plan for the military to contain the virus by bombing Cedar Creek, incinerating the town and its residents, ostensibly to prevent Motaba's expansion to pandemic proportions. However, McClintock, now a major general, plans to use the operation to conceal the mutated virus' existence so the original strain can be preserved for use as a biological weapon.
To prevent Daniels from finding a cure, McClintock orders him arrested for carrying the virus. Daniels escapes before he and Salt fly a helicopter to the ship at sea which carried the monkey. Daniels obtains a picture of the monkey and releases it to the media; a Palisades resident, Mrs. Jeffries, realizes that her daughter Kate has been playing with the monkey (which she named Betsy) and calls the CDC. Daniels and Salt arrive at the Jeffries' house where Salt tranquilizes Betsy after Kate coaxes her out of hiding in the woods nearby. When he learns from Daniels about Betsy's capture, Ford delays the bombing.
On their return flight, Daniels and Salt are chased by McClintock in another helicopter. Salt fires two rockets into the trees to deceive him into thinking that they crashed. Once back in Cedar Creek, Salt mixes Betsy's antibodies with Ford's serum to create an antiserum; although Schuler has died, they save Keough. McClintock returns to base and resumes Operation Clean Sweep, refusing to listen to Ford. Daniels and Salt fly their helicopter directly into the path of the bomber's approach to its target.
With Ford's help, Daniels persuades the bomber's flight crew to detonate the bomb over water and spare the town. Before McClintock can order another bombing, Ford relieves him of command and orders his arrest. Daniels and Keough reconcile as Cedar Creek's residents are cured.
Cast
* Dustin Hoffman as Colonel Sam Daniels, MD
* Rene Russo as Dr. Roberta "Robby" Keough, MD
* Morgan Freeman as Brigadier General William "Billy" Ford, MD
* Donald Sutherland as Major General Donald "Donnie" McClintock
* Kevin Spacey as Lieutenant Colonel Casey Schuler, MD
* Cuba Gooding Jr. as Major Salt, MD
* Patrick Dempsey as James "Jimbo" Scott
* Zakes Mokae as Dr. Benjamin Iwabi
* Malick Bowens as Dr. Raswani
* Susan Lee Hoffman as Dr. Lisa Aronson
* Benito Martinez as Dr. Julio Ruiz
* Bruce Jarchow as Dr. Mascelli
* Leland Hayward III as Henry Seward
* Daniel Chodos as Rudy Alvarez
* Dale Dye as Lieutenant Colonel Briggs
* Diana Bellamy as Mrs. Pananides
* J. T. Walsh as White House Chief of Staff
Production
Scenes in "Cedar Creek" were filmed in Ferndale, California, where tanks and helicopters were a common feature of daily life during nearly two months of filming. Other locations used were Dugway Proving Ground and Kauai.
Harrison Ford was offered the role of Sam Daniels but turned it down. Sylvester Stallone and Mel Gibson were also offered the role but turned it down.
Producer Lynda Obst has stated that it was due to the production of 'Outbreak' that her film adaptation of 'The Hot Zone' was dropped by 20th Century Fox despite having, in her words, "the better package and ... the better script". She also claimed that director Wolfgang Petersen tried to entice Robert Redford, who was already cast for her film, to be a part of 'Outbreak', based on Redford's call to her. Obst would eventually have her adaptation of the book, but greenlit as a miniseries by 'National Geographic', which premiered in May 2019.
Release
Box office
'Outbreak' was a commercial success. It topped the U.S. box-office list its opening weekend with a gross of $13.4 million, and spent three weeks at number one before 'Tommy Boy's release. It was number one in Japan for six weeks. The film grossed $67.7 million in the United States and Canada and $122.2 million internationally for a worldwide total of $189.9 million.Critical reception
'Outbreak' received mixed reviews from critics. According to review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 60% of 65 critics gave the film a positive review, with an average rating of 5.8 out of 10. The consensus states: "A frustratingly uneven all-star disaster drama, 'Outbreak' ultimately proves only mildly contagious and leaves few lasting side effects." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 65 out of 100 based on 20 critic reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.Roger Ebert of the 'Chicago Sun-Times' gave it three-and-a-half out of four stars, calling 'Outbreak' premise "one of the great scare stories of our time, the notion that deep in the uncharted rain forests, deadly diseases are lurking, and if they ever escape their jungle homes and enter the human bloodstream, there will be a new plague the likes of which we have never seen." Rita Kempley of 'The Washington Post' also enjoyed the film's plot: "'Outbreak' is an absolute hoot thanks primarily to director Wolfgang Petersen's rabid pacing and the great care he brings to setting up the story and its probability."
David Denby wrote for 'New York' magazine that although the opening scenes were well-done, "somewhere in the middle ... 'Outbreak' falls off a cliff" and becomes "lamely conventional." Janet Maslin of 'The New York Times' also found the film's subject compelling but its treatment ineffective: "The film's shallowness also contributes to the impression that no problem is too thorny to be solved by movie heroics."
The film's scientific liberties have been criticized, especially compared to the realism of the 2011 film 'Contagion'. Implausibilities include the virus taking only an hour, rather than days, to reproduce itself; the synthesis of the cure taking less than a minute, rather than many months; and the injection of the cure producing immediate improvement.
Awards
*New York Film Critics Circle Awards: Kevin Spacey Best Supporting Actor (Won) Also includes Spacey's work in 'Se7en', 'Swimming with Sharks', and 'The Usual Suspects'*Society of Texas Film Critics Awards: Kevin Spacey Best Supporting Actor (Won) Also includes Spacey's work in 'Se7en' and 'The Usual Suspects'
Later popularity
The film's popularity resurged during the COVID-19 pandemic, ranking as the fourth most streamed film on Netflix in the United States on March 13, 2020.References
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