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L'Amore (film)
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Wikipedia article
'L'Amore' ('Love') is a 1948 Italian anthology film directed by Roberto Rossellini that stars Anna Magnani and Federico Fellini. After an opening dedication to Magnani for her acting ability, it consists of two parts, one titled 'La voce umana' ('The Human Voice') and the other 'Il miracolo' ('The Miracle'). The second part was banned in the United States, until it was cleared in 1952 by a Supreme Court decision upholding the right to free speech.
'The Human Voice'
Adapted by Rossellini from a 1930 play 'The Human Voice' (French title 'La Voix humaine') by Jean Cocteau, this features an unnamed woman (Magnani), alone in her apartment, who over the telephone is desperately trying to salvage her relationship with the man who has left her.
'The Miracle'
Co-written by Fellini, Pinelli and Rossellini, this is about Nanni (Magnani), a simple-minded and obsessively religious woman who tends goats on a mountainside near Amalfi. When a handsome bearded wanderer (Fellini) passes, she takes him to be Saint Joseph. Offering his flask of wine, he gets her drunk and she falls asleep. When she wakes up, he is gone and she is convinced that his appearance was a miracle. Some months later, when she faints in an orchard, the women who help her discover she is pregnant. She believes this is another miracle, but to the people she becomes a figure of ridicule until, fleeing their mockery, she lives rough. As her time approaches, carrying her few possessions and accompanied only by a friendly nanny goat, she wearily climbs to a mountain top where there is an isolated church. Inside, a newborn baby cries, and Nanni is seen opening her dress to feed her miraculous child.
Release
The film was first exhibited in Italy in 1948. Magnani was awarded the Nastro d'Argento (Silver Ribbon) as best actress by the Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists in 1949 for her performance. Due to legal complications over the rights to Cocteau's play, the original version was not widely shown.A restored print was shown at the Roxie Cinema in San Francisco in 1978.
'The Ways of Love'
In 1950, 'The Miracle' was removed from 'L'amore' and placed in a three-part anthology film called 'The Ways of Love' with two other short films: Jean Renoir's 'A Day in the Country' (1936) and Marcel Pagnol's 'Jofroi' (1933). After the U.S. distributor, Joseph Burstyn, exhibited it with English subtitles in New York in November 1950, it was voted the best foreign language film of 1950 by the New York Film Critics Circle. However, 'The Miracle' part of the film was condemned by the National Legion of Decency as "anti-Catholic" and "sacrilegious" and in February 1951 the New York State Board of Regents, in charge of film censorship for the state, revoked the license to show the film.
This led to the lawsuit 'Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson', finally decided by the United States Supreme Court in 1952 who, in what is popularly known as "The Miracle Decision", declared that the film was a form of artistic expression protected by the freedom of speech guarantee in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.
See also
*'Mutual Film Corporation v. Industrial Commission of Ohio' (1915) U.S. Supreme Court case
*Film censorship in the United States
*'Whirlpool of Desire' (1939), film distributed by Burstyn and Arthur Mayer
*'The Miracle' (play), 1911 pageant play produced in London by Max Reinhardt
*'The Miracle' (1912 film), British all-colour film of the Reinhardt production
*'Das Mirakel' (1912 film), German unauthorised film plagiarising the play and British film
*'The Miracle' (1959 film), US film with the same subject
References
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