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Senghor on the Rocks
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Wikipedia article
'Senghor on the Rocks' is an online geo-novel.This term was introduced by Stephen Hutcheon (The Sydney Morning Herald) and later on picked up by many bloggers und journalists such as [http://www.psfk.com/2008/12/geo-referenced-literature-senghor-on-the-rocks.html/ PSFK], [http://www.gisuser.com/content/view/16211/73/ GISUSER] , and others. See http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2008/11/25/1227491538136.html. All pages retrieved 9 March 2010. It was first published under a creative commons license in 2008 by Christoph Benda (Text, Geodata), Johannes Krtek (Design) und Florian Ledermann (Programming, Production) as "the first full-length novel consistently illustrated with Google Maps"
Synopsis
The story of 'Senghor on the Rocks' begins in Dakar, Senegal on 20 December 2001. On this very day people in Dakar were celebrating the national soccer team's qualification for the Football World Cup, as the breaking news about the death of Lopold Sdar Senghor, the famous poet and the republic's first president, hit the country. Starting at this point the novel follows Austrian camera assistant Martin "Chi" Tschirner, who flew to Dakar for a promotional video job, through a "fast paced adventure that starts as a job, develops into an involuntary journey and culminates in a reflection about the possibilities and limits of cross-cultural understanding", as Florian Ledermann put it in an interview with 'The Sydney Morning Herald'.
Background
As the author of 'Senghor on the Rocks' puts it in a publicationBenda, Christoph und Ledermann, Florian (2008): Senghor on the Rocks: A Georeferenced Electronic Novel, http://elmcip.net/critical-writing/senghor-rocks-georeferenced-electronic-novel. Retrieved 9 October 2012. on the project, one of the novel's main topics is the "'cross cultural dialogue', a minefield of clichs, projections, cultural attributions and prejudices". In this case an "omniscient narrator seemed almost impossible as trying to describe the cultural 'other' from an assumedly objective point of view always comes with the peril of producing exoticisms or hegemonial projections". The whole novel therefore is "strictly told in a first-person perspective stressing the bias of a subjective view instead of trying to avoid it. At the same time, the main character pretends to tell his story not only from his very own point of view but also at the very moment it is taking place".For all quotes see Senghor on the Rocks: A Georeferenced Electronic Novel, p. 5 These considerations resulted in the novel's strict spatial and temporal linearity. With this narrative structure 'Senghor on the Rocks' was well suited for an adoption as an online "geo-novel" being presented together with animated maps.
Implementation
The project is aiming at providing a new, continuous, dramatic experience to the user.Senghor on the Rocks: A Georeferenced Electronic Novel, p. 12 For the implementation of 'Senghor on the Rocks' the Google Maps API was enhanced with additional methods for page transitions. These transitions are intended to be reflecting the "subjective, searching and sometimes confused perspective of the story". In addition an animated, rotatable arrow was introduced to point out locations on the map. Compared to the pushpin needles and markers normally used in Google Maps an arrow adds a semantical openness to the representation of the maps, as it may be referring to an exact point, an area of varying radius, a viewing direction or a distinct object on the map like a building.
The developers of 'Senghor on the Rocks' refer to an extended and modified approach to the microformats paradigm. Hence, all metadata, including map positions, zoom levels, routes, and arrow positions is stored in the main HTML file inside appropriate HTML elements alongside the text. The result is a HTML document that contains the whole novel in regular HTML which can be printed out as such. The book-like presentation and all mapping features are accomplished by a Style sheet and script that are loaded at initialisation.Senghor on the Rocks: A Georeferenced Electronic Novel, p. 15
Design
For 'Senghor on the Rocks' a book metaphor was used to design a user interface providing functionalities users/ readers are already familiar with. Once "opened" every page of text in the virtual book is accompanied by a satellite view of the current location of the story. "As with a physical book, readers can judge the position in the novel by looking at the block of pages to the left and right of the current page. A virtual bookmark is automatically inserted when the reader leaves the page, to bring her back to that page with a single click on the next visit."Senghor on the Rocks: A Georeferenced Electronic Novel, p. 16 The covers that have been designed for the three parts of the novel advertise their content and serve as the main entry points into the story. The collages for the covers composed mainly from material recorded at original locations focus on the book's content and by that obfuscate the technical aspects of the project. On the top level, these "covers" act as an iconographic representation of the project that frequently was quoted in the form of screen shots on blogs and other media.E.g. in the Base de rcits interactifs et autres uvres interactives, . Retrieved 9 March 2010.
This "book-a-like"A term used by the producers in their German description of the project. See http://www.senghorontherocks.net/about.html. Retrieved 22 March 2010. interface results in constraints imposed on the interactive functionality usually expected in a web browser, e.g. zoom levels in the map pages are fixed to the value set by the producers of 'Senghor on the Rocks' and cannot be changed by users. This has been interpreted as an intentional infringement of well established rules of online content presentation."Nicht-Befolgen digitaler Spielregeln" as Annika Richterich/ University of Siegen puts it in the synopsis of her PhD thesis. See http://www.uni-siegen.de/locatingmedia/personen/richterich.html?lang=de. Retrieved 9 March 2010. Even though, the design contributed to the circulation and publicity the project has found and was highly valued by publications such as PAGEGerdes, Claudia: Literatur-Marketing im Web. In: Page. Ideen und Know-how fr Design, Werbung, Medien. 03.2009, p. 52-57. and Die Welt.Werner, Hendrik: Roman aus der Vogelperspektive, Die Welt, 01.12.2008, S. 23. See also: https://www.welt.de/welt_print/article2808343/Roman-aus-der-Vogelperspektive.html. Retrieved 9 March 2010.
Reception
Articles in the online editions of some of Germany's biggest newspapers and weeklys such as Der Spiegel,http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/web/0,1518,592812,00.html. Retrieved 24.03.2010. Sternhttp://www.stern.de/digital/online/onlineliteratur-roman-224-la-karte-648106.html. Retrieved 24.03.2010. and Bild,http://www.bild.de/BILD/digital/technikwelt/2008/11/27/erster-internet-roman-mit-gps/online-buch-zeigt-mit-google-maps-die-orte-der-handlung.html. Retrieved 24.03.2010. international TV-featuresE.g. Rdio e Televiso de Portugal, see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PgaJZQiHbN0&feature=fvsr. Retrieved 24 March 2010. and numerous blog entriesOn the occasion of the project's first anniversary the producers thank more than 500 "journalists, bloggers and web-people of all kinds" for linking to their site. See 'News' on http://www.senghorontherocks.net/en/about.html. Retrieved 23 March 2010. yielded continuous publicity for the project since its launch. 2010 'Senghor in the Rocks' was chosen for inclusion in the Electronic Literature Organization's Electronic Literature Collection Vol. 2. Annika Richterich/ University of Siegen scientifically deals with the project in her PhD thesis using 'Senghor on the Rocks' alongside Charles Cumming's [http://www.wetellstories.co.uk/stories/week1/ The 21 Steps], and the websites [https://www.faz.net/s/Rub7D547056E7F74D8ABD3F685341F4AC36/Doc~E464F908C99F1485FAAD135784668AF98~ATpl~Ecommon~SMed.html/ F.A.Z. Romanatlas], and [http://www.landvermesser.tv/alt/ Landvermesser] as a showcase for what she entitles [http://www.uni-siegen.de/locatingmedia/personen/richterich.html?lang=de/ Geomediale Literatur"]. In other publications the project ist referred to as "locative narrative"Laura Borrs Castanyer and Juan B. Gutirrez: The Global Poetic System. A System of Poetic Positioning. In: Jrgen Schfer,Peter Gendolla (Hg.): Beyond the Screen: Transformations of Literary Structures, Interfaces and Genre, Bielefeld: transcript 2010, S. 345-361 S. 349 and "geo-graphic novel".Annika Richterich: Cartographies of Digital Fiction: Amateurs Mapping a New Literary Realism. In: The Cartographic Journal, 48.4 (2011), S. 237 249
Reactions in press and blogs have ranged from enthusiasm "... this is very interesting, innovative, and down-right cool!",http://www.gisuser.com/content/view/16211/2/ . Retrieved 23 March 2010. "...hugely impressive..."http://googlemapsmania.blogspot.com/2008/06/first-novel-on-google-maps.html. Retrieved 24.03.2010. to criticism: "Kokolores"."Nonsense", [https://web.archive.org/web/20110717141445/http://archiv.sueddeutsche.de/954386/361/2673842/Ohne-Zoom-und-Blende.html]. Retrieved 2 March 2010.
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