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Mother to Mother
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Wikipedia article
'Mother to Mother' is an epistolary novel by South African writer Sindiwe Magona.
Background
As stated in the novel's preface, the fictional story of 'Mother to Mother' is based on the real events from 1993 peaking in Amy Biehl's death in Cape Town's Gugulethu.
Setting and narrative situation
The story is told by Mandisa, mother of Mxolisi, who has killed an (unnamed) daughter of the addressee, another (unnamed) mother. It is switched between several layers of time - Mandisa's youth around 1968, Mxolisi's youth and the present.
The twelve numbered chapters feature occasional subheadings, usually consisting of times or place names and dates, all set around Gugulethu in August 1993. Among them are Mowbray and Gungululu.
Only the first chapter is written as an obvious letter, in which Mandisa, the first-person speaker, directly talks to the addressee. This narrative situation is kept up again at the end, when the addressee is spoken to directly.
Language
In between the English story appear words marked in italics: e.g. terms like 'hokkie', 'bhuti', 'Bajita', 'mlungu', 'Ewe' ... or whole phrases in Xhosa language.
Plot
Chapter 1 starts off with Mandisa Ntloko addressing the (unnamed) mother of a murdered (unnamed) young woman. Mandisa's son Mxolisi has been involved in the killing, over which she expresses her condolences. By telling the story of Mandisa's own upbringing and the childhood and youth of Mxolisi, she would like to cast light on their troubled circumstances, deeply interrelated with apartheid, racial segregation, police violence and brutality, injustice, institutionalised poverty and marginalisation. She says about the young killers' that their world and "environment failed to nurture them in the higher ideals of humanity and [that these young men] instead, became 'lost creatures of malice and destruction.'" Even "parents teach their children to hate all whites."
'Mandisa' depicts her living situation in Guguletu. She is living with her three children (her sons 'Mxolisi', 20 and 'Lunga', 14, and her daughter 'Siziwe') in a hut. Mandisa works as a maid in a white household for Mrs. Nelson. The differences between the two women's wealthy fortune are quite apart from each other. When Mandisa returns home, she hears about violence in her township, which is common, 'only' one person has died apparently. When she finds her oldest son not at home, Mandisa is worried in fear of him being one of the killers. Later, the police brutally raid her home, beating up her children. In between the chapters, flashbacks take the reader back to Mandisa's childhood. Living quite happily with her father ('Tata') and her mother ('Mama') and her grandparents around ('Tata's father' and 'Makhulu', 'Tata's mother'). In 1968 she is forced out of her hometown, following chaotic and troubled circumstances. Mandisa's brother Khaya eventually marries Mandisa's school friend 'Nono' and they have a child. In fear of Mandisa becoming pregnant as well, she is being sent to live with her grandmother 'Makhulu' away. Her boyfriend 'China', though, is getting her pregnant by accident in her teenage years, despite not sleeping together. Being a virgin is quite important to her mother, embarrasingly examining her hymen. After Mxolisi's birth, China is trying to provide for the family and they marry on 'Father Mark Savage's' urging, but China leaves her eventually after she has been living with his family, her in-laws, though merely working as a housemaid for them. She leaves as well and, with her next partner 'Lungile', has her son Lunga, and, later, her daughter Siziwe with 'Dwadwa', her second husband.
Mxolisi's life is not less troubled. His teenage friends 'Mzamo' and 'Zazi' are shot by police in front of his eyes, leaving him deeply disturbed, wetting his bed and not being able to talk for some time, until his stepfather Lungile forces him to eat a mouse. Mxolisi follows Lungile's example, who leaves to become a freedom fighter, and engages with street gangs, for which he quits school ('Liberation now, education later' and 'One Settler, One Bullet' are some of their slogans). Deep down, Mxolisi knows that despite him being good at school, he doesn't have any job prospects. In the streets, Mxolisi seems to be popular and brave, saving a girl from being raped. Later, he is with rioters in the streets, who throw stones at a young white woman's car and stab her when she tries to get away.
Mandisa and even her other children are outcasts in her community due to Mxolisi being a murderer.
Samuelson, M., 2000. [https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/55549329/Samuelson-Reading_the_Maternal_Voice_Magona.pdf?1516085765=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DReading_the_Maternal_Voice_in_Sindiwe_Ma.pdf&Expires=1620143330&Signature=ezWN9H4UWT9wGSOf9hB2FB~XkyV9M5NrbVB84qciy4Acqp-azWvsRHGH7Dq86XoZlvGwZCQxJQGzYLfm8uSk5PmThIJf9vk2pz-aAoeTHtMR3Xw45IzuPe6XymUm4INwYIIpCJYfrrD5IgMrJxSHI7hpJi46TBPG48OeF7b-d3McZamFSVdahuRciDncBMJH9aRjAdWmbdRPlhSSwVoZbjNHtbl4LzVssggSZ8XGX4ipW5z9UGW-oY8wW0Ox3-ewr0X~cJ96p~ylpuDiHFR5KjlTbRGCN9IyFphkxgkKJmtDspYEGsHYCJHebDLSgSg3m9u0vjtk6nNs0fLU7nC0fQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA |Reading the Maternal Voice in Sindiwe Magona's To My Children's Children and Mother to Mother]. MFS Modern Fiction Studies, 46(1), pp.227-245.
Legacy
The novel 'Mother to Mother' has been praised for its contribution to bringing ethnicities together and promoting understanding of institutional injustice, such as apartheid.Whitehead, A., 2012. [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1464700112442645?casa_token=76N_TFZcLgQAAAAA%3AFYSUQTt3ZvdDa1gynMCnq3lTBIVlN6in0WlfYTVePakUJyNQ2ofDTGaaswctWPSunFqZAiYy0YVu&|Reading with empathy: Sindiwe Magonas mother to mother.] Feminist Theory, 13(2), pp.181-195. It has been placed on reading lists in secondary schools and higher education courses. In Germany's state Lower Saxony it has been officially chosen as an essential novel to read for the Abitur exam in English in 2022.
References
Category:1998 novels
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